How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
A finite complex measure absolutely continuous with respect to a sigma-finite positive measure has an integrable complex density
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let be a positive measure and let be a finite complex measure on . If and is sigma-finite, then there exists a complex function , unique up to -almost-everywhere equality, such that
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, a sigma-finite positive measure and a finite complex measure with .
The real and imaginary parts of are finite signed measures. (The real and imaginary parts of a complex measure are finite signed measures, and nu = Re nu + i Im nu)
Absolute continuity means vanishing on every measurable reference-null set. Thus implies both real and imaginary parts vanish there too. (Absolute continuity of a signed or complex measure with respect to a positive measure)
A signed measure satisfying a common finite exhaustion with and absolutely continuous with respect to has an almost-everywhere unique density; if its total variation is finite, the density is integrable (A sigma-finite signed measure that is absolutely continuous with respect to a sigma-finite positive measure has a unique almost-everywhere density).
A complex function is integrable exactly when its real and imaginary parts are integrable, using . (Integrable real and complex functions, and their integrals)
A complex measure has finite total variation (Every complex measure has finite total variation).
AC supplies the hypotheses of the signed RN existence theorem and its underlying Hahn/Jordan selections. (The Axiom of Choice)
Proof
By [L1] and [L2], the signed measures and are absolutely continuous with respect to . By [L5], partition sums for their total variations are bounded by those of , so both have finite total variation. Choose an increasing exhaustion with ; it is then common to and both signed measures. Under AC as in [L6], applying [L3], choose real-valued such that
Put . Then [L4] gives , and for every measurable one has If is another such density, then its real and imaginary parts give alternative signed densities for and , so the uniqueness part of [L3] makes -almost everywhere.
Depends on
The Axiom of Choice
Absolute continuity of a signed or complex measure with respect to a positive measure
A sigma-finite signed measure that is absolutely continuous with respect to a sigma-finite positive measure has a unique almost-everywhere density
The real and imaginary parts of a complex measure are finite signed measures, and nu = Re nu + i Im nu
Every complex measure has finite total variation
Integrable real and complex functions, and their integrals