Alphabeta Math
CorollaryStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-22
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Normal operator norm equals spectral radius

Statement

Assume AC. For a bounded normal operator T on a nonzero complex Hilbert space, ∥T∥=r(T)=max⁡{∣λ∣:λ∈σ(T)}.

Facts & Assumptions

[A1]

B(H) is a unital complex C*-algebra, hence in particular a nonzero unital complex Banach algebra; an operator T is normal when T∗T=TT∗ (Bounded Hilbert operators form a C star algebra, Self-adjoint, positive, unitary and normal operators).

[A2]

For every normal element a of a unital complex C*-algebra A the spectral radius satisfies r(a)=∥a∥ (C star spectral radius equals norm for normal elements).

[A3]

For a bounded operator T on a nonzero complex Banach space the spectral radius is r(T)=max⁡{∣z∣:z∈σ(T)}, computed in B(X), and λ∈ρ(T) exactly when λI−T is bijective with bounded inverse (Spectral radius, Spectrum and resolvent of a bounded operator).

[A4]

In a nonzero unital complex Banach algebra the spectrum of every element is nonempty and compact (Spectrum is nonempty compact and norm bounded).

[A5]

A bounded bijective linear map between Banach spaces has a bounded inverse (Bounded inverse theorem), so for A=B(H) invertibility in the algebra and bijectivity with bounded inverse coincide (C star algebra generated by a normal operator for the generated-algebra convention used on this page).

Proof

technique · direct

Given: A nonzero complex Hilbert space H and a bounded normal operator T∈B(H).

1.1A1

B(H) is a unital complex C*-algebra, so it is a nonzero unital Banach algebra, and T is a normal element of it.

1.2A5

The algebra spectrum of T in B(H) equals the operator spectrum: zI−T is invertible in B(H) exactly when it is bijective with bounded inverse.

2.1step 1.1A2

Applying the C*-spectral-radius theorem to the normal element T of B(H) gives r(T)=∥T∥.

2.2step 1.2A3A4

The spectrum σ(T) is nonempty and compact by step 1.2 and [A4], so the modulus maximum defining r(T) is attained and equals max⁡{∣λ∣:λ∈σ(T)}.

3.1step 2.1step 2.2∎

Therefore ∥T∥=r(T)=max⁡{∣λ∣:λ∈σ(T)}, which is the asserted identity.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources