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Normal operator norm equals spectral radius
Statement
Assume AC. For a bounded normal operator on a nonzero complex Hilbert space, .
Facts & Assumptions
is a unital complex C*-algebra, hence in particular a nonzero unital complex Banach algebra; an operator is normal when (Bounded Hilbert operators form a C star algebra, Self-adjoint, positive, unitary and normal operators).
For every normal element of a unital complex C*-algebra the spectral radius satisfies (C star spectral radius equals norm for normal elements).
For a bounded operator on a nonzero complex Banach space the spectral radius is , computed in , and exactly when is bijective with bounded inverse (Spectral radius, Spectrum and resolvent of a bounded operator).
In a nonzero unital complex Banach algebra the spectrum of every element is nonempty and compact (Spectrum is nonempty compact and norm bounded).
A bounded bijective linear map between Banach spaces has a bounded inverse (Bounded inverse theorem), so for invertibility in the algebra and bijectivity with bounded inverse coincide (C star algebra generated by a normal operator for the generated-algebra convention used on this page).
Proof
Given: A nonzero complex Hilbert space and a bounded normal operator .
is a unital complex C*-algebra, so it is a nonzero unital Banach algebra, and is a normal element of it.
The algebra spectrum of in equals the operator spectrum: is invertible in exactly when it is bijective with bounded inverse.
Applying the C*-spectral-radius theorem to the normal element of gives .
The spectrum is nonempty and compact by step 1.2 and [A4], so the modulus maximum defining is attained and equals .
Therefore , which is the asserted identity.
Depends on
C star spectral radius equals norm for normal elements
C star algebra generated by a normal operator
The Axiom of Choice
Bounded Hilbert operators form a C star algebra
Spectral radius
Spectrum and resolvent of a bounded operator
Spectrum is nonempty compact and norm bounded
Bounded inverse theorem
Self-adjoint, positive, unitary and normal operators