Alphabeta MathHow statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Thermodynamic systems and permitted exchanges
Boundary and exchange classifications for the nonrelativistic macroscopic thermodynamic framework; no energy-balance law is asserted here.
Definition
A thermodynamic system is a model-selected body or collection of bodies together with a specified outer boundary . The boundary separates the system from its environment for the purpose of classifying transfers; it need not be a material wall. A compound system has named subsystems inside one outer boundary. Transfers between its subsystems are internal to the compound; only transfers across are external.
The model specifies which transfers across are permitted. A system is closed when no matter crosses its outer boundary; energy may cross. A system is open when only the named matter species and other named transfer channels may cross its boundary. A system or compound is isolated when no matter or energy crosses its outer boundary. These terms classify the declared model boundary, not the accuracy with which a real apparatus approximates it.
This boundary classification alone asserts neither an energy-balance law nor equilibration.
Dependency tree · 0 levels
Nothing. This result depends on no other item in the library.