How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Twists of a quasi-coherent sheaf
Definition
Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let be a commutative nonnegatively graded ring that is generated as an -algebra by its degree one part , and let with twisting sheaves (Twisting sheaf on Proj). By Invertible twists for degree-one generated rings each is invertible (Invertible sheaves), and the multiplication maps are isomorphisms.
Fixed embedding. The scheme is considered together with this fixed choice of degree-one generated presentation. Let be an -module. For every integer the -th twist of is the tensor product of sheaves of modules (Tensor product of sheaves of modules) Thus is again an -module, and for one has , with the canonical morphism induced by the multiplication maps of Twisting sheaf on Proj; this morphism is an isomorphism because . For all integers the isomorphisms above induce canonical isomorphisms
Quasi-coherence. If is quasi-coherent then so is every twist : the invertible sheaf is quasi-coherent, and the tensor product of two quasi-coherent modules is quasi-coherent by Tensor product preserves quasi-coherence.
General ample line bundles. If instead is an invertible -module (Invertible sheaves) — for instance an ample one (Absolute ampleness by affine section opens) — then for one writes ( factors, ) and for one writes , where is the inverse invertible sheaf of Invertible sheaves; the corresponding twist of is . For these powers only the pair is used, with no presentation of implicit.
No silent change of embedding. The notation is reserved for the twisting determined by the fixed invertible sheaf of the chosen presentation (or, for a projectively embedded scheme, by the pullback of along the fixed embedding). When the embedding or the line bundle changes, the twist is written explicitly as , so that never silently switches the embedding.