Alphabeta Math
DefinitionDefinition: AI-adaptedProof: Not applicablePipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Vector field and section along a smooth curve

Definition

Let π:E→M be a smooth vector bundle. Let I⊆R be an interval with nonempty interior and let γ:I→M be smooth, with smooth local extensions at any included endpoints. Give γ∗E={(t,e)∈I×E:γ(t)=π(e)} the subspace topology. For a bundle chart Φ:E∣U→U×Rr, writing Φ(e)=(π(e),v), the pulled-back chart and its inverse are (t,e)⟼(t,v),(t,v)⟼(t,Φ−1(γ(t),v)). They are continuous for the subspace and product topologies, and the overlap maps are (t,v)↦(t,gβα(γ(t))v), hence smooth and fibrewise linear. Thus they directly define a smooth rank-r bundle over I, with the stated smooth-up-to-endpoint convention. The interval I, as a subspace of R, and the manifold E are Hausdorff and second countable. Their product is Hausdorff by Arbitrary products preserve T0, T1, and Hausdorffness, and products of their two fixed countable bases form a countable basis. Hence both properties pass to the subspace γ∗E by T0, T1, and Hausdorffness are hereditary and Second countability is hereditary.

A section of E along γ is a smooth section of this bundle γ∗E. Equivalently it is a smooth map V:I→E with π(V(t))=γ(t). For E=TM it is a vector field along γ. In a pulled-back frame it has the form V(t)=∑jvj(t)ej(γ(t)) with arbitrary smooth coefficients vj.

Values belong to the fibre over the parameter value, even if γ(t)=γ(u) for t≠u. For example, for a constant curve at p and v≠0 in Ep, the section V(t)=tv is allowed and cannot be s∘γ for an ambient section s. Thus an ambient extension is not part of this definition.

For a piecewise smooth curve on a compact interval, use a finite subdivision into smooth pieces (each smooth up to its endpoints). A piecewise smooth section is continuous on the whole interval and smooth on each piece. On a singleton interval it is just a fibre vector; on an empty interval it is the empty section. These conventions define sections, without attempting differentiation on a singleton.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources