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ExampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passverified 2026-10-22 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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Abelian finite BF counts on S³ and T³

Example

For a finite abelian group G, the untwisted finite BF normalization gives

ZG(S3)=1∣G∣,ZG(T3)=∣G∣2.

These scalar amplitudes need not equal one.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A finite abelian group G and the untwisted finite BF amplitude of a connected closed finite CW complex.

[F1]

Finite BF partition function is a topological invariant: for connected K, ZG(K)=∣Hom⁡(π1(K),G)∣/∣G∣.

[F2]

A finite connected CW complex has the edge-and-2-cell presentation: the fundamental group is computed from the 1-cells and 2-cell attaching words; cells of dimension at least three do not change it.

Verification

1.1givenF1F2algebra

Give S3 its CW structure with one 0-cell and one 3-cell. Its 1-skeleton has no non-tree edges and it has no 2-cell relators, so [F2] gives π1(S3)=1. There is exactly one homomorphism from the trivial group to G, and [F1] gives ZG(S3)=1/∣G∣.

2.1F2step 1.1construct

Give T3 its CW structure with one 0-cell, three 1-cells a,b,c, three 2-cells attached along the commutators aba−1b−1, bcb−1c−1, and cac−1a−1, and one 3-cell. By [F2], π1(T3)=⟨a,b,c∣[a,b]=[b,c]=[c,a]=1⟩≅Z3. The isomorphism sends (1,0,0),(0,1,0),(0,0,1) to a,b,c: it is surjective because these generators generate the presented group, and its inverse sends a,b,c to the standard basis because the relators are satisfied.

3.1givenF1step 2.1algebra∎

A homomorphism Z3→G is determined by the images of its three standard generators. Every triple in G3 satisfies the commutation relations because G is abelian, so ∣Hom⁡(Z3,G)∣=∣G∣3. Equation [F1] now gives ZG(T3)=∣G∣3/∣G∣=∣G∣2. For G=Z/2Z, the two amplitudes are 1/2 and 4, respectively, so neither normalization forces every scalar amplitude to be one.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources