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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-14
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A bundle embedding produces its Grassmannian classifying map

Statement

Assume AC. If j:E→X×FN is a continuous fiberwise-linear embedding of a rank-n bundle, then cj(x)=j(Ex) is continuous as a map X→Gr⁡n(FN), and e↦(p(e),j(e)) identifies E with cj∗γnN.

A supplied numeration gives an embedding into X×FS with locally finite coordinates. Under AC, every numeration can be regrouped into a countable numerable trivializing cover, whose members need not refine the original cover. Thus one may take S=N and target F∞. Over a compact Hausdorff base, finitely many coordinates suffice.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, a rank-n bundle E→X, and the data in the applicable clause of the statement.

[F1]

The tautological bundle over the Grassmannian has fiber W over the plane W (Stiefel spaces, Grassmannians, and tautological bundles).

[F2]

A numeration is support-subordinate and locally finite (Locally finite partitions of unity and subordination to an open cover).

[F3]

Steps 1.1–2.1 of Numerable principal bundles are classified by maps to BG countabilize an arbitrary indexed numeration under AC, producing countably many disjoint-union chart domains and a subordinate partition.

[F4]

Under AC, a finite-rank bundle over a compact Hausdorff base is a direct summand of a finite trivial bundle (Finite-rank complement theorem over compact Hausdorff bases).

[A1]

AC has the meaning fixed in The Axiom of Choice.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1algebra

In a local frame of E, write jx as a continuous full-rank N×n matrix A(x). The orthogonal projection onto its image is P(x)=A(x)(A(x)∗A(x))−1A(x)∗. Invertibility of the positive matrix A∗A and continuity of matrix inversion make P continuous. The graph chart of [F1] identifies a plane continuously from its projection, so x↦j(Ex) is continuous.

1.2F2algebra

For supplied numerating charts ϕs:E∣Us→Us×Fn and partition (ρs) from [F2], define J(e)=(ρs(p(e)) ϕs(e))s∈S, with a zero coordinate off Us. Support containment makes each zero extension continuous, and local finiteness makes J locally land in a finite coordinate subspace. Some ρs(x)>0 at every x, so Jx is injective. This proves the locally finite-coordinate assertion without any choice beyond the supplied data.

2.1F1step 1.1algebra

The map Θ:E→cj∗γnN, e↦(p(e),j(e)), is continuous and linear and bijective on every fiber. In the same local frame, its inverse on the image plane is represented by (A∗A)−1A∗, which varies continuously. Hence Θ is a bundle isomorphism.

2.2F3A1step 1.2

Apply the countabilization [F3] to an arbitrary numeration. Using its countable chart domains in step 1.2 gives an embedding into F∞, continuous for the weak direct-limit topology because it locally lands in a finite stage. This is the exact AC use in the countable clause.

3.1F4step 1.1step 2.1∎

If X is compact Hausdorff, [F4] gives E⊕E′≅X×FN for finite N. Restricting this isomorphism to the first summand gives a finite-dimensional bundle embedding, and steps 1.1–2.1 give its finite Grassmannian map and tautological pullback. The empty base and rank-zero cases use N=0 as in [F4].

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

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