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A formal-coordinate fibre is an Aut O torsor

Statement

Let X be a smooth projective complex curve and p∈X. The set Coord⁡X,p:=Iso⁡C-algcont(O^X,p,C⟦t⟧) is a right torsor under the group of continuous formal-coordinate substitutions with zero constant term and invertible linear coefficient, using the right-composition product; the action is free and transitive. For a proper holomorphic submersion π:X→S with compact connected Riemann-surface fibers, pairwise disjoint holomorphic sections si, and open W⊆S, let Ii be the ideal sheaf of si(W), set O^X,si(W):=lim←⁡k≥1si−1(OX/Iik), and let I^i be the kernel of restriction to OW. Consider complete OW-algebra sheaf isomorphisms τi:O^X,si(W)→OW⟦t⟧ with τi(I^i)=tOW⟦t⟧. If this set of relative formal coordinates is nonempty, it is a right torsor under the group of continuous OW-algebra substitutions of OW⟦t⟧ with zero constant term and invertible linear coefficient; restriction to each fiber over s∈W gives the individual formal-coordinate torsor.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A smooth curve X, a point p∈X, and the formal-coordinate fiber at p.

[F1]

A smooth curve has a formal coordinate at every point: the formal-coordinate fiber at p is nonempty.

[F2]

Smooth projective complex curve with formal-coordinate bundle: an individual coordinate is a continuous C-algebra isomorphism O^X,p→C⟦t⟧; over an open family base W, a relative coordinate is a continuous OW-algebra sheaf isomorphism O^X,s(W)→OW⟦t⟧ carrying the completed section ideal to (t).

[F3]

Formal-coordinate change group Aut O: write ϕρ(f(t))=f(ρ(t)) for the ring map associated to a substitution. For the right-composition series product, ϕρ1ρ2=ϕρ1∘ϕρ2, and the right action on coordinate isomorphisms is τ⋅ρ=ϕρ−1∘τ. The same formulas apply over every commutative complex coefficient algebra. For the sheaf OW⟦t⟧, a continuous OW-algebra sheaf automorphism preserving (t) is uniquely substitution by its image a1t+a2t2+⋯ of t, where am∈OW(W) and a1 is a holomorphic unit; the coefficientwise substitution and inverse recursion commute with restriction.

Proof

1.1F1F2F3algebra

The individual coordinate set is nonempty by F1. The maps in F3 preserve the defining complete-algebra and ideal conditions in F2. Their action satisfies (τ⋅ρ1)⋅ρ2=ϕρ2−1ϕρ1−1τ=ϕρ1ρ2−1τ=τ⋅(ρ1ρ2). If τ⋅ρ=τ, surjectivity of τ gives ϕρ−1=id and hence ρ(t)=t. Thus this is a free right action.

2.1F2F3step 1.1construct

Given τ1,τ2∈Coord⁡X,p, the continuous ring automorphism τ1∘τ2−1 preserves (t). Let ρ be its unique substitution series, so ϕρ=τ1∘τ2−1. Then ϕρ−1∘τ1=τ2, or τ1⋅ρ=τ2. Freeness gives uniqueness, proving simple transitivity on the individual fiber.

3.1F2F3step 1.1step 2.1construct∎

For two relative coordinates over W, the composition τ1∘τ2−1 is a continuous OW-algebra sheaf automorphism preserving (t). Its image of t has holomorphic coefficients and unit linear term, and F3 identifies it with a unique ϕρ. Thus τ1⋅ρ=τ2; the action law and freeness hold by the same composition identities as in step 1.1. This proves the torsor assertion whenever the relative-coordinate set is nonempty. For each s∈W, restriction means reduction of every finite jet modulo the maximal ideal at s, followed by inverse limit; it gives a continuous isomorphism O^Xs,si(s)→C⟦t⟧. For this identification choose base coordinates z and a total coordinate w whose differential complements those of z∘π. The map (z∘π,w) is locally biholomorphic: after normalizing its invertible derivative it has form I+H with ∥dH∥<1/2 on a small ball, so iteration of x=y−H(x) converges locally uniformly to its holomorphic inverse. Subtracting the holomorphic value of w on the section gives a local vertical coordinate vanishing there. Its finite jet rings are OW,s[t]/(tk), proving the identification before passage to the inverse limit. The resulting coordinate makes the fiber set nonempty; the algebraic argument of step 2.1 proves simple transitivity there without any projective-presentation assumption on Xs. Every complex substitution series lifts to the relative group by constant coefficient functions, so the restriction is equivariant and its image is the whole individual torsor. No assertion that every individual coordinate extends as a holomorphic chart germ is needed.

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