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Sugawara embeddings give a Virasoro coset stress tensor

Statement

Let r≥1 and let g=⨁i=1rgi be a finite direct sum of finite-dimensional complex simple Lie algebras with invariant forms Bi normalized so long roots have square 2. Let h be a finite-dimensional complex simple Lie algebra with the same normalization, and let ι:h→g be an injective Lie algebra homomorphism with components ιi:h→gi. Supply scalars Ii∈C satisfying Bi(ιix,ιiy)=IiBh(x,y) for every x,y∈h, and levels ki∈C. Put ℓ=∑iIiki.

Suppose a common vector space V carries mutually commuting restricted affine-current actions of the gi at levels ki, and the induced h current action Jxh(n)=∑iJιix(i)(n) is restricted at level ℓ. Assume ki+hi∨≠0 for each i and ℓ+hh∨≠0. Use the Sugawara modes Ln(i) and Lnh of the cited definitions, and set Lng=∑iLn(i). Then Lng/h:=Lng−Lnh is a Virasoro representation on V, commutes with every embedded h current mode and every Lnh, and has central charge cg/h=∑i=1rkidim⁡giki+hi∨−ℓdim⁡hℓ+hh∨.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The simple factors, invariant forms, embedding and indices, levels, and common restricted module in the Statement.

[A1]

The affine actions of distinct gi factors commute, and each component ιi preserves brackets.

[F1]

Sugawara modes and their normal ordering: with q=k+h∨≠0, Ln=(2q)−1∑a,r:Jea(r)Jea(n−r):, where the split is r<0 versus r≥0 and each sum is locally finite on restricted modules.

[F2]

Restricted affine-current module: on a restricted affine-current module, for every vector and fixed current, all sufficiently large positive modes annihilate that vector.

[F3]

Untwisted affine central extension: [Jx(s),Jy(t)]=J[x,y](s+t)+skB(x,y)δs+t,0I.

[F4]

Dual Coxeter number for the normalized invariant form: h∨=γB/2, where the adjoint Casimir for the normalized form acts by γBI.

[F5]

Sugawara modes act on affine currents with weight one: on every restricted module at noncritical level, [Lm,Jx(n)]=−nJx(m+n).

[F6]

Sugawara modes satisfy Virasoro at every noncritical complex level: on every restricted affine-current module at noncritical level, the Sugawara modes satisfy the Virasoro relation with c=kdim⁡g/(k+h∨).

Proof

1.1A1F3givenalgebra

For x,y∈h, the induced current bracket is the sum of the brackets in each simple factor. Since each ιi preserves brackets and distinct factors commute, [Jxh(s),Jyh(t)]=J[x,y]h(s+t)+s(∑iIiki)Bh(x,y)δs+t,0I. Thus the induced level is ℓ.

1.2F2F4F6given

Apply [F6] to every gi action and to the restricted h action, using the noncritical assumptions and the normalization [F4]. This gives each factor and denominator their Sugawara Virasoro brackets and central charges ci=kidim⁡gi/(ki+hi∨) and ch=ℓdim⁡h/(ℓ+hh∨).

2.1A1step 1.2algebra

By [A1], modes from distinct numerator factors commute. Adding their Virasoro brackets from step 1.2 shows that Lg=∑iL(i) is Virasoro with cg=∑ici.

2.2A1F2F5step 1.1algebra

Applying [F5] to each numerator action and to the induced restricted denominator action gives [Lmg,Jxh(n)]=−nJxh(m+n) and [Lmh,Jxh(n)]=−nJxh(m+n). The other-factor commutators vanish by [A1], so summing the component identities gives the numerator formula; the denominator identity uses its level ℓ from step 1.1.

3.1step 2.2algebra

Subtract the two current-action identities from step 2.2. For every x∈h and m,n∈Z, this gives [Lmg/h,Jxh(n)]=0.

3.2F1F2F5step 2.2algebrachoose

Put qh=ℓ+hh∨, let (ea) be a Bh-orthonormal basis, and write Nr(A,B)=AB for r<0 and Nr(A,B)=BA for r≥0. The product rule and the current action in step 2.2 give 2qh[Lmg,Lnh]=∑a,r(−rNr(Jeah(m+r),Jeah(n−r))−(n−r)Nr(Jeah(r),Jeah(m+n−r))). This identity is valid on each vector: the original sums stabilize by [F1], and restrictedness [F2] kills both tails after the commutator expansion.

4.1F1step 3.2algebra

Set p=m+n, reindex the first sum by s=m+r, and combine terms with the same normal order Ns. Their coefficient is (m−s)−(n−s)=m−n, giving 2qh(m−n)Lph. The only order correction is ∑s(m−s)fm(s)∑a[Jeah(s),Jeah(p−s)], where fm(s)=1s<m−1s<0. This sum is finite because fm is supported between 0 and m.

5.1A1F3step 1.1step 4.1algebra

By step 1.1 and orthonormality, ∑a[Jeah(s),Jeah(p−s)]=sℓ dim⁡(h)δp,0I, since [ea,ea]=0. For m>0, ∑ss(m−s)fm(s)=∑s=0m−1s(m−s)=(m3−m)/6. For m=−u<0, substituting s=−t gives −∑t=1ut(u−t)=−(u3−u)/6=(m3−m)/6; for m=0 the sum is zero.

6.1givenstep 1.2step 4.1step 5.1algebra

Substituting step 5.1 into step 4.1 and dividing by 2qh≠0 yields [Lmg,Lnh]=(m−n)Lm+nh+ch12(m3−m)δm+n,0I, using the value of ch from step 1.2. Antisymmetry gives the same mixed bracket for [Lmh,Lng].

7.1step 1.2step 6.1algebra

Step 6.1 is exactly the Virasoro bracket of Lh from step 1.2, so subtraction gives [Lmg/h,Lnh]=0 for all m,n.

8.1step 1.2step 2.1step 6.1algebra∎

Expand [Lmg−Lmh,Lng−Lnh]. The two mixed brackets from step 6.1 subtract twice the h bracket, while the separate h Virasoro bracket from step 1.2 adds it once. The result is (m−n)(Lm+ng−Lm+nh)+cg−ch12(m3−m)δm+n,0I, which is the claimed Virasoro relation and central charge.

Remarks

This is a conditional algebraic statement. Its application requires the exact restricted-module and noncritical-level hypotheses above; it proves no existence, positivity, full left–right pairing, modular invariance, or physical realization.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources