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Circle and path-loop models for Eilenberg–Mac Lane induction

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice.

  1. The quotient circle S1=R/Z, with its usual one-vertex, one-edge CW structure and degree-one loop, is a marked K(Z,1).
  2. If A is abelian, n≥2, and K(A,n) is a marked connected CW model, then the mapping-path fibration of ∗→K(A,n) is ΩK(A,n)⟶PK(A,n)⟶K(A,n). Its total space is contractible, its strict loop fiber has CW homotopy type, and that fiber is marked-homotopy-equivalent to a chosen K(A,n−1), with the marking induced by the fibration connecting isomorphism.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC and the marked models in the statement.

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice is assumed for marked Eilenberg–Mac Lane uniqueness and the CW-type replacement.

[F2]

Mapping path factorization gives the based path fibration and contracts its total space; Long exact sequence of homotopy groups of a fibration supplies its group and component exact sequence.

[F3]

Existence and homotopy uniqueness of Eilenberg--Mac Lane spaces supplies a chosen marked CW model and a homotopy equivalence inducing any prescribed marking isomorphism.

[F4]

Based loop spaces of CW complexes have CW homotopy type proves locally, under AC, that the based loop space of any nonempty connected CW complex has CW homotopy type, for both the ordinary compact-open topology and its compactly generated refinement. Its proof constructs the metric simplicial model, local loop contraction, nerve domination and actual CW homotopy equivalence; it requires no cardinality, dimension or local-finiteness restriction.

Proof

technique · covering and fibration long exact sequences, followed by the locally proved based-loop CW-type theorem
1.1F1F2

The quotient circle is connected by the paths t↦[tx] and has its standard one-vertex, one-edge CW structure. Its marked fundamental group is Z by [F1]. The cover in [F1] is a Hurewicz fibration with discrete fiber Z. Every positive-dimensional cube in that fiber is constant, while contractibility makes every positive homotopy group of R zero. The long exact sequence [F2] therefore gives πi(S1)=0 for i>1. This is exactly the marked K(Z,1) condition.

1.2F2

Apply [F2] to the inclusion of the marked basepoint ∗→K(A,n). Its mapping-path total space is the based path space PK(A,n), its endpoint map is Hurewicz, its strict fiber is ΩK(A,n), and the explicit path-shrinking deformation contracts the total space to the constant path. Exactness gives πi(ΩK(A,n))≅πi+1(K(A,n))(i≥1). The component segment and π1(K(A,n))=0 show that the loop fiber is path connected. Thus its only nonzero positive homotopy group is A in degree n−1, marked by the displayed connecting isomorphism.

2.1A1F3F4step 1.2

The marked base K(A,n) is a nonempty connected CW complex. Apply [F4] directly to this base and its marked point: the actual based loop space, which is the strict fiber in step 1.2, has CW homotopy type in the topology used by [F2]. Choose a CW complex L and a homotopy equivalence L→ΩK(A,n), transporting the connecting marking to L. Step 1.2 makes L a marked K(A,n−1), including the degree-one case n=2. Marked uniqueness [F3] supplies a homotopy equivalence from the chosen K(A,n−1) to L inducing the prescribed identification; composing gives the asserted marked equivalence with the strict loop fiber.

3.1A1F1F2F3F4step 1.1step 1.2step 2.1∎

All spaces are nonempty because marked basepoints are supplied. For A=0, step 1.2 gives a weakly contractible connected loop fiber and step 2.1 compares it with the chosen contractible CW K(0,n−1). The cases n=2, one loop component, the zero homotopy groups, the constant path, and both ends of the long exact sequence were included. The circle calculation uses no choice. AC is inherited by the locally proved CW-type theorem [F4], is used to select its CW-type representative, and is used through marked uniqueness in step 2.1; the mapping-path formulas and exact-sequence calculations add none. There is no converse assertion.

Source notes

Schön, Proposition 3, printed pp. 165–166, gives the more general fiber theorem historically cited here. The present proof uses the complete local based-loop theorem [F4], whose metric simplicial and local-convexity construction follows Milnor, Theorems 2–3 and Lemmas 2–4, printed pp. 273–280. Thus no unproved external fiber theorem is a logical prerequisite of step 2.1.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources