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Conformal Hodge scaling in every degree

Statement

Let (M,g,N,o) be as in Oriented Lorentzian fields, observers and coordinate conventions, let Ω:M→(0,∞) be a smooth dimensionless function, and set g~=Ω2g with the same orientation o. For every smooth k-form β, 0≤k≤4,

⋆g~β=Ω4−2k⋆gβ.

In degree 2 the Hodge star is unchanged. This is a statement about the Hodge operators of two conformally related Lorentz metrics; it asserts no conformal invariance of any curvature or field equation.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The oriented four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold, a smooth positive function Ω, and a smooth k-form β.

[F1]

The Hodge star is uniquely characterized by α∧⋆gβ=⟨α,β⟩gvolg for all k-forms α,β. (Lorentzian exterior calculus and Hodge star)

[A1]

The smooth tangent-bundle background inherits ACω from The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω); the pointwise scaling calculation below is finite-dimensional and uses no full Choice.

Proof

1.1givenF1A1algebra

On the inherited smooth manifold background [A1], since g~=Ω2g and Ω>0, its inverse is g~−1=Ω−2g−1. The exterior pairing of two k-forms contains exactly k inverse-metric factors, so ⟨α,β⟩g~=Ω−2k⟨α,β⟩g. In a positively oriented chart, det⁡(g~ab)=Ω8det⁡(gab); therefore the metric volume form scales as volg~=Ω4volg.

2.1step 1.1F1algebra∎

Applying the defining identity in [F1] with g~ in place of g and substituting step 1.1 gives, for every k-form α, α∧⋆g~β=Ω−2k⟨α,β⟩g Ω4volg=α∧(Ω4−2k⋆gβ). For k=0,1,2,3,4 the multipliers are respectively Ω4,Ω2,1,Ω−2,Ω−4, all smooth because Ω is smooth and positive. Thus the candidate is a smooth bundle map satisfying the defining identity for ⋆g~β; uniqueness in [F1] gives ⋆g~β=Ω4−2k⋆gβ.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources