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Smooth integral chains compute singular homology
Statement
Assume countable choice . For every finite-dimensional Hausdorff second-countable smooth manifold without boundary, inclusion of the smooth integral singular chain complex into the ordinary integral singular chain complex induces an isomorphism in every degree. The isomorphism is natural for smooth maps.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The manifold , the inclusion of the smooth chain subcomplex, and .
Smooth integral singular chain complex: the integral smooth chain groups are free on smooth simplices and form a subcomplex.
Smooth singular chains compute singular homology: under , finite continuous chains can be replaced by smooth chains through face-compatible smoothing and prism homotopies; its stated coefficient group is .
The Axiom of Countable Choice (): supplies the countable choices used by the smoothing construction.
Proof
Given: , the integral chain complexes in the statement, and .
The proof of [F2] performs replacements on finitely many simplices and their faces, and its homotopy identity is a signed finite sum of faces and prisms. Every coefficient in that construction is , , or ; no division or real scalar operation is used. The same replacement and prism formulas therefore define integral chains, commute with the integral boundary, and satisfy the identical chain-homotopy identity generator by generator.
Let be an ordinary integral cycle. Apply the finite smoothing construction of [F2] to its support and all faces. It yields a smooth integral cycle and a finite integral chain with . Thus every ordinary integral homology class has a smooth integral representative.
Now let a smooth integral cycle bound an ordinary integral chain . Apply the construction to the finite supports of and , using the fixed-face clause on every already-smooth simplex of . Then and . Hence already bounds a smooth integral chain.
The inclusion is a chain map by the subcomplex statement [F1], so it induces a homomorphism on homology. Step 2.1 proves surjectivity and step 2.2 proves injectivity. Postcomposition by a smooth map commutes with inclusion on each simplex, so the induced isomorphism is natural. The empty manifold and negative degrees have zero chain groups on both sides.