How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Folded product attachment has Hopf invariant two and null suspension
Statement
Give its product CW structure with -skeleton and one oriented -cell attached by . Let fold the two oriented summands by the identity and put . For a based map , its integral Hopf invariant is defined by in the mapping cone , where and are the positive generators of and . With the product orientation, . Moreover the suspension is nullhomotopic. Consequently, if is the suspension of the Hopf generator, then in .
Statement references
Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Example 4.52
May, A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology
Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Appendix §4.L
[Reduced suspension pinch-map definition](Reduced suspension pinch map)
[Hopf generator and mapping-cone coefficient convention](Hopf generator and mapping-cone coefficient)
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The product CW structure and orientations of the Statement. Use ZF + AC for the imported cohomological Künneth theorem.
For , the mapping-cone coefficient is defined by in . Hopf generator and mapping-cone coefficient
The cohomological cross product gives a ring isomorphism under these finite free-cohomology hypotheses. Cohomological Kunneth cross product is a ring isomorphism
The suspension pinch map is defined by linearly rescaling the first and second half-intervals of the suspension coordinate into the two wedge summands. Reduced suspension pinch map
Orient the -cell by the product orientation, so the top cellular cohomology generator pulls back to the positive cross product .
Proof
Let be the positive generators from the two projections. By [F2], and is the positive top generator. The map extends over the cone on by the definition ; hence it extends to a map . On , is the fold into the bottom of , so . On the open -cell, the extension is the characteristic disk of with degree by [A1], so .
Let be the -skeleton inclusion. The characteristic disk extends over , so is null. Define where are the projections and the pinch is [F3]. On the first suspended wedge summand, the first projection branch is the identity up to linear rescaling of the suspension coordinate and the second branch is constant; on the second summand the roles reverse. Thus . Applying to the nullhomotopy in the first sentence gives . Composing with gives .
In the cone , by [F1]. Pulling back with step 1.1 yields . Since and degree-two classes commute, the left side is . The class is a generator, so .
For based maps , the group operation on is represented by , where is the pinch in [F3]; the operation on is represented by . In the quotient model , the map pinches one suspension coordinate and pinches the other. Write the square of suspension coordinates as a disk with its boundary collapsed. For each angle , split the disk by the diameter at angle , map the two half-disks to the two wedge summands using their boundary-collapsing rescalings to a full disk, and keep the first and second summands in that order. Choose these rescalings by rotating fixed rescalings of the two half-disks, so they vary continuously with . As the diameter turns through a right angle, this gives a based homotopy between the two coordinate pinches; smashing this homotopy with proves . Taking and using gives . Since suspension preserves composition and sends a wedge of maps to the wedge of their suspensions, this compatibility gives ; hence is a homomorphism on . Now [F1, step 2.1] gives , so . Since is null by step 1.2, for .