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Folded product attachment has Hopf invariant two and null suspension

Statement

Give S2×S2 its product CW structure with 2-skeleton W=S2∨S2 and one oriented 4-cell attached by α:S3→W. Let ∇:W→S2 fold the two oriented summands by the identity and put β=∇∘α. For a based map f:S3→S2, its integral Hopf invariant H(f) is defined by x2=H(f)y in the mapping cone Cf=S2∪fD4, where x and y are the positive generators of H2(Cf;Z) and H4(Cf;Z). With the product orientation, H(β)=2. Moreover the suspension Σβ:S4→S3 is nullhomotopic. Consequently, if η3=Σh is the suspension of the Hopf generator, then 2[η3]=0 in π4(S3).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The product CW structure and orientations of the Statement. Use ZF + AC for the imported cohomological Künneth theorem.

[F1]

For f:S3→S2, the mapping-cone coefficient H(f) is defined by x2=H(f)y in Cf. Hopf generator and mapping-cone coefficient

[F2]

The cohomological cross product gives a ring isomorphism H∗(S2;Z)⊗H∗(S2;Z)≅H∗(S2×S2;Z) under these finite free-cohomology hypotheses. Cohomological Kunneth cross product is a ring isomorphism

[F3]

The suspension pinch map pZ:ΣZ→ΣZ∨ΣZ is defined by linearly rescaling the first and second half-intervals of the suspension coordinate into the two wedge summands. Reduced suspension pinch map

[A1]

Orient the 4-cell by the product orientation, so the top cellular cohomology generator pulls back to the positive cross product ab.

Proof

1.1F1F2A1construct

Let a,b∈H2(S2×S2;Z) be the positive generators from the two projections. By [F2], a2=b2=0 and ab is the positive top generator. The map ∇:W→S2 extends over the cone on β by the definition β=∇α; hence it extends to a map q:S2×S2=W∪αD4→Cβ. On W, q is the fold into the bottom S2 of Cβ, so q∗x=a+b. On the open 4-cell, the extension is the characteristic disk of Cβ with degree +1 by [A1], so q∗y=ab.

1.2F3construct

Let i:W↪S2×S2 be the 2-skeleton inclusion. The characteristic disk extends iα over D4, so Σi∘Σα is null. Define r=(Σp1∨Σp2)∘pinch⁡:Σ(S2×S2)⟶ΣS2∨ΣS2, where p1,p2 are the projections and the pinch is [F3]. On the first suspended wedge summand, the first projection branch is the identity up to linear rescaling of the suspension coordinate and the second branch is constant; on the second summand the roles reverse. Thus r∘Σi≃id⁡ΣW. Applying r to the nullhomotopy in the first sentence gives Σα≃∗. Composing with Σ∇ gives Σβ≃∗.

2.1F1step 1.1algebra

In the cone Cβ, x2=H(β)y by [F1]. Pulling back with step 1.1 yields (a+b)2=H(β)ab. Since a2=b2=0 and degree-two classes commute, the left side is 2ab. The class ab is a generator, so H(β)=2.

3.1F1F3step 1.2step 2.1constructalgebra∎

For based maps a,b:S3→S2, the group operation on π3(S2) is represented by (a∨b)∘pS2, where pS2:ΣS2→ΣS2∨ΣS2 is the pinch in [F3]; the operation on π4(S3) is represented by pS3:ΣS3→ΣS3∨ΣS3. In the quotient model Σ2Z=(Z×[0,1]2)/ ⁣∼, the map ΣpZ pinches one suspension coordinate and pΣZ pinches the other. Write the square of suspension coordinates as a disk with its boundary collapsed. For each angle θ, split the disk by the diameter at angle θ, map the two half-disks to the two wedge summands using their boundary-collapsing rescalings to a full disk, and keep the first and second summands in that order. Choose these rescalings by rotating fixed rescalings of the two half-disks, so they vary continuously with θ. As the diameter turns through a right angle, this gives a based homotopy between the two coordinate pinches; smashing this homotopy with Z proves ΣpZ≃pΣZ. Taking Z=S2 and using ΣS2≅S3 gives ΣpS2≃pS3. Since suspension preserves composition and sends a wedge of maps to the wedge of their suspensions, this compatibility gives [Σ(a+b)]=[Σa]+[Σb]; hence E:[a]↦[Σa] is a homomorphism on π3(S2). Now [F1, step 2.1] gives [β]=2[h], so [Σβ]=E([β])=2E([h])=2[Σh]. Since Σβ is null by step 1.2, 2[η3]=0 for η3=Σh.

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