Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

The constructible universe satisfies AC

Statement

ZF proves the Axiom of Choice relativized to L. Ambient Choice is not assumed: the dependency on The Axiom of Choice specifies the conclusion, not an additional axiom of this proof.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: ZF only. The canonical order is internally definable; its unique minima produce a choice graph by already proved internal Replacement. AC is a conclusion dependency only.

[F1]

The canonical definable global well-order of L: L has an internally definable canonical well-order.

[F2]

Replacement in L: Replacement is available inside L for the least-element function.

[F3]

Separation in the constructible universe: Separation inside L can restrict the internally definable order to a set.

[F4]

Elementary ZF axioms inside L: Pairing holds inside L.

[F5]

The Axiom of Choice: The required conclusion is that each set family of nonempty sets has a choice function.

Proof

1.1F1F3given

Let a∈L be internally a family of nonempty sets. Transitivity makes every b∈a an actual nonempty subset of L. Inside L, separate the restriction of its canonical order to b; this is a well-order by F1, so b has a unique least element m(b)∈b. The rule specifying m is one fixed internal formula, with no chosen ordering parameter.

2.1F2F4F5step 1.1∎

Internal Replacement applied to b↦⟨b,m(b)⟩ produces a graph g∈L with domain a, since internal Pairing in F4 constructs the ordered pairs. The uniqueness in step 1.1 makes g a function and g(b)∈b for each b∈a. If a is empty this graph is empty. Thus g is the choice function required by F5. AC was proved internally; it was not invoked to choose the least elements.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources