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Lifting criterion for maps from path-connected locally path-connected spaces
Statement
Let be path-connected and locally path-connected, let be based, and let be a covering. A based lift exists if and only if ; when it exists it is unique.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The objects, hypotheses, and choice principles stated above.
Let be a covering, let be a path, and let satisfy . There is a unique path with and . (Existence and uniqueness of path lifts through a covering map).
Endpoint-fixed homotopic paths in the base have lifts with the same endpoint whenever their lifts begin at the same point. (The endpoint of a lifted path depends only on its endpoint-fixed homotopy class).
Let be connected and let be lifts through the same covering of the same map . If for some , then . (Two lifts from a connected space that agree at one point agree everywhere).
Let be continuous and let . Composition sends a loop at to the loop at . Using the loop classes and fundamental group of def-based-loops-and-fundamental-group, the proposed induced homomorphism is The next theorem proves that this value is independent of the representative, that it is a group homomorphism in the sense of def-group-homomorphism, and that induced maps respect identities, composition and homotopies that fix the basepoint. (The homomorphism on fundamental groups induced by a pointed continuous map).
Let be a topological space (def-topological-space) and let . Subsets carry the subspace topology (def-subspace-topology-top); connectedness is def-connected-space and path-connectedness is def-path-connected. is locally connected at when for every open with there is an open connected with , and locally connected when this holds at every point; is locally path-connected at when for every open with there is an open path-connected with , and locally path-connected when this holds at every point. (Locally connected and locally path-connected spaces: a neighbourhood base of open connected, respectively open path-connected, sets at every point).
Let be continuous with . Then is a well-defined group homomorphism, and for pointed continuous maps and (Induced fundamental-group maps are well defined, functorial and invariant under based homotopy).
Proof
For a based map with path-connected and locally path-connected, necessity follows by functoriality: if a based lift exists then , so by the composition law of [F6], whence . [F4] is the definition of the induced map and expressly leaves functoriality to [F6].
For sufficiency, define the candidate lift at by lifting along any path from ; the subgroup inclusion makes the endpoint independent of the chosen path.
Local path-connectedness and an evenly covered neighbourhood make the candidate continuous.
Uniqueness follows from connectedness.
The preceding construction and implications establish the assertion.
Depends on
Existence and uniqueness of path lifts through a covering map
The endpoint of a lifted path depends only on its endpoint-fixed homotopy class
Two lifts from a connected space that agree at one point agree everywhere
The homomorphism on fundamental groups induced by a pointed continuous map
Locally connected and locally path-connected spaces: a neighbourhood base of open connected, respectively open path-connected, sets at every point
Induced fundamental-group maps are well defined, functorial and invariant under based homotopy