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TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6-luna)
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Outer RN escape boundary in selected model

Statement

Let M>0, Q2=qe2+qm2>0, and M2≥Q2. In the selected ingoing RN model put rH=M+M2−Q2. Let E be the set of points from which a future piecewise-C1 causal path in this model reaches arbitrarily large r, using the specified definition Causal solutions, Killing horizons, escape and metric extensions. Then E={(v,r,ω):r>rH},∂MinE={r=rH}. This is the boundary of the stated escape observable on the selected manifold. It makes no claim about conformal infinity, a maximal RN extension, collapse, or cosmic censorship.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The selected ingoing RN metric and time orientation, with the parameter assumptions in the Statement.

[F1]

Selected ingoing RN extension and time orientation: g=−f dv2+2 dv dr+r2γ, ℓ=−∂r and n=∂v+(f/2)∂r are future null, and g(ℓ,n)=−1.

[F2]

Smooth causal-cone collar barrier with screen directions: on a collar of the outer root, for every future causal Z and τ=v−r, dτ(Z)>0 when Z≠0, dr(Z)≤C∣r−rH∣dτ(Z), and dr(Z)≤0 at the root. For Z=0, dτ(Z)=0; hence τ′≥0 along every future causal curve piece.

[L1]

Causal solutions, Killing horizons, escape and metric extensions, Definition (d): the escape set uses continuous future piecewise-C1 causal paths, with finite C1 subdivisions on compact parameter segments and nonzero future causal piece tangents. A single such path must reach arbitrarily large values of the specified radius; the escape boundary is relative to the selected model, without a conformal completion.

[A1]

Square roots are the unique nonnegative real roots, as in Explicit rational and real power regimes. Paths are continuous and are tested on compact parameter segments as specified in [L1].

Proof

1.1F2F3F4L1A1algebra

On a compact path segment contained in the collar, write w=rH−r while r≤rH. From [F2], on each C1 piece, w′=−dr(Z)≥−Cw τ′. By [F3], (eCτw)′≥0. The factor is positive and continuous across the finite partition, so w cannot decrease to zero from a positive value while the path remains below the root in the collar. Thus no path starting below rH can reach the root: if it did, continuity gives a final collar segment starting either at its initial point inside the collar or at the last crossing of a fixed smaller collar lower boundary, and ending at the first root contact. Its starting value of w is positive, contradicting this inequality. For a path starting at the root, suppose r>rH somewhere in a compact segment. A connected component of the open parameter set {r>rH} then has a left endpoint at which r=rH. Restrict to an initial portion of that component lying inside the collar, stopping at its first crossing of rH+δ/2 if necessary. On this collar portion let h=e−Cτ(r−rH). By [F2-F3], h′≤0 on every C1 piece, so [F4] makes h nonincreasing across the finite partition. Continuity at the left endpoint gives h≤0 throughout the component, contradicting r>rH. Thus a path from the root cannot make a positive excursion. In particular neither a point below nor a point on the root can escape to r>rH.

1.2F1F4L1A1algebra

Fix r0>rH, v0∈R, and ω0∈S2. For r≥r0, set v(r)=v0+∫r0r2f(s) ds. Here f(s)=(s−r+)(s−r−)/s2>0 because s>r+, so [F4] gives v′(r)=2/f(r). The curve γ(r)=(v(r),r,ω0) has tangent γ′(r)=2f(r)∂v+∂r=2f(r)n, a positive multiple of the future null field in [F1]. Reparameterize by s=r−r0∈[0,∞) to obtain the path domain in [L1]. It is defined for every finite r≥r0 and therefore reaches arbitrarily large radii in the exact path sense of [L1]. Every point with r>rH lies in E.

2.1L1step 1.1step 1.2algebra∎

Steps 1.1 and 1.2 show respectively that no point with r≤rH escapes and every point with r>rH escapes. The boundary of this open radial half-space in Rv×(0,∞)r×S2 is the level set r=rH. This proves the claim under the conditional escape definition [L1].

Remarks

The current causal-vocabulary Definition (d) fixes the escape observable and its precise path class. The collar estimate and the outgoing null paths are proved for the displayed metric and orientation; no global extension result is imported.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources