How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The Euclidean Lebesgue measure is the completion of the product of the factor Lebesgue measures
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()). Let . Under the identification the Lebesgue measure is the completion of the product measure .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Countable Choice and positive integers .
On Borel sets, agrees with . (On Borel subsets of R^{m+n}, the product lambda_m times lambda_n agrees with lambda_{m+n})
Assuming countable choice, the full Lebesgue sigma-algebra is the completion of the Borel Lebesgue measure. ( is exactly the completion of the restriction of to the Borel sets)
For sigma-finite factors, the product measure is the unique measure on the product sigma-algebra with the rectangle formula. (For sigma-finite factors, the product measure exists, has the rectangle formula, is sigma-finite, and is unique)
Assuming countable choice, Euclidean Lebesgue measure is sigma-finite. (Lebesgue measure is sigma-finite, and every metrically bounded subset of has finite outer measure)
Assuming countable choice, Euclidean Lebesgue measure is complete. (Assuming countable choice, is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and is a complete measure extending elementary volume)
The completed product measure is the completion of the product measure. (The completed product measure)
Proof
Let and . By [L2], choose Borel cores and Borel null hulls such that and . The slabs and are Euclidean null: for example, , and [L1], [L3], and [L4] give Euclidean measure to each Borel rectangle in this union. Since [L2] makes Euclidean Lebesgue measurable.
Step 1.1 puts every measurable rectangle in , so . Let be the restriction of to this product sigma-algebra. For the rectangle in step 1.1, completeness [L5] and the null symmetric difference give ; [L1] and [L2] identify this with . Thus has the product rectangle formula. By [L4] the factors are sigma-finite, so uniqueness in [L3] gives .
Because the product sigma-algebra is contained in the complete Euclidean Lebesgue sigma-algebra and the measures agree there by step 2.1, its completion is contained in . Conversely, if , [L2] gives a Borel and a Borel null set with . The Borel sets belong to the product sigma-algebra, and [L1] and step 2.1 give . Hence belongs to the completion of the product measure. The domains and measures therefore coincide, which is exactly the completion claim of [L6].
Depends on
On Borel subsets of R^{m+n}, the product lambda_m times lambda_n agrees with lambda_{m+n}
is exactly the completion of the restriction of to the Borel sets
For sigma-finite factors, the product measure exists, has the rectangle formula, is sigma-finite, and is unique
Lebesgue measure is sigma-finite, and every metrically bounded subset of has finite outer measure
Assuming countable choice, is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and is a complete measure extending elementary volume
The completed product measure
The Axiom of Countable Choice ()