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Flasque abelian sheaves are Γ-acyclic
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice, let be a topological space and let be a flasque sheaf of abelian groups on (Flasque sheaf). Then for every open subspace and every integer , where denotes sheaf cohomology on the space (Sheaf cohomology as right derived global sections) computed with the global sections functor of , and is the restriction of to . Equivalently, every restriction is -acyclic (Gamma-acyclic abelian sheaf).
Facts & Assumptions
An injective object of is flasque (Injective abelian sheaves are flasque).
If is short exact and is flasque, then is surjective for every open ; if moreover is flasque then so is (Flasque kernel lifts quotient sections).
Every short exact sequence of abelian sheaves on a space gives a natural long exact sequence of sheaf cohomology groups on (Long exact sequence of sheaf cohomology).
For an injective object and every one has relative to any supplied injective resolution datum (Positive right derived functors vanish on injective objects).
Assuming AC, has enough injectives and the embeddings supply one functorial injective resolution datum on the whole category, so every abelian sheaf on carries a specific injective resolution (Enough injective abelian sheaves, Sheaf cohomology as right derived global sections).
In ZF the Axiom of Choice implies the Axiom of Dependent Choice (AC implies DC implies countable choice), which is the hypothesis under which the comparison and vanishing theorems for right derived functors are stated.
is canonically isomorphic to for every abelian sheaf on a space (Degree-zero sheaf cohomology is global sections, Sheaf cohomology as right derived global sections).
In the abelian category of abelian sheaves on a space a monomorphism sits in a short exact sequence (Sheaves of abelian groups, and likewise sheaves of modules on a ringed space, form abelian categories, Exact sequences of sheaves).
The hypothesis of the theorem is that is flasque on , that is, every restriction map for open is surjective (Flasque sheaf).
Proof
Given: The Axiom of Choice, a topological space , a flasque abelian sheaf on , and an open subspace .
Write for the restriction of to the open subspace . Then is flasque on : for open one has and with the same restriction map, which is surjective because is flasque; and is a sheaf of abelian groups on .
By [F6] the Axiom of Choice gives DC, and by [F5] the category has enough injectives with a supplied functorial injective resolution datum ; apply the datum to to get a specific injective resolution on , whose cokernel we write . By [F8] the sequence is short exact; by [F1] the sheaf is flasque, so [F2] applies to this sequence and shows that is surjective for every open , and that is flasque. [F1, F2, F5, F6, F8, step 1.1]
Using [F3] on the short exact sequence of step 2.1 gives an exact sequence ; here by [F4] applied to the injective object and the datum , and the first map is surjective because by [F7] it is, up to the canonical identification , the map with , which step 2.1 shows to be surjective. Hence . [F3, F4, F7, step 2.1]
For the same long exact sequence is, around degree , , and both outer groups vanish by [F4] because is injective [F5]. Hence for every the connecting map is an isomorphism ; for this is a dimension shift from the flasque quotient found in step 2.1. [F3, F4, F5, step 2.1]
I claim that for every and every flasque abelian sheaf on . The case is step 3.1, applied to in place of (the argument of step 2.1 and step 3.1 uses only the flasqueness of , the existence of a supplied injective resolution and the lifting property [F2]). For apply the same construction to : with and flasque, [F2], step 3.2 applied to give , and because and is flasque, by induction on . This proves the claim. [F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, step 2.1, step 3.1, step 3.2]
Applying the claim of step 4.1 to the flasque sheaf on gives for every ; since was an arbitrary open subspace, this is the statement. [step 1.1, step 4.1] ∎
Depends on
Gamma-acyclic abelian sheaf
Flasque sheaf
Injective abelian sheaves are flasque
Flasque kernel lifts quotient sections
Long exact sequence of sheaf cohomology
Enough injective abelian sheaves
The Axiom of Choice
Positive right derived functors vanish on injective objects
Degree-zero sheaf cohomology is global sections
Sheaf cohomology as right derived global sections
Injective object
AC implies DC implies countable choice
Sheaves of abelian groups, and likewise sheaves of modules on a ringed space, form abelian categories
A sequence of abelian sheaves is exact exactly when it is exact on every stalk
Exact sequences of sheaves
A set-valued sheaf has a unique section over the empty open set