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Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product
Statement
Let and be sigma-finite measure spaces, and let belong to . Then:
- for -almost every , the section belongs to ;
- for -almost every , the section belongs to ;
- after assigning the value on the exceptional parameter sets, the section-integral functions are integrable; and
- the three integrals agree:
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Sigma-finite measure spaces and , and a function .
Tonelli's theorem holds for nonnegative measurable functions on . (Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product)
A complex-valued function belongs to exactly when its absolute value has finite integral. (The class of integrable functions)
The Lebesgue integral is linear on . (The Lebesgue integral is linear on )
The triangle inequality gives for every integrable function . (The modulus of an integral is bounded by the integral of the modulus)
Proof
By [L2], the function is nonnegative measurable, and [L1] gives Therefore for -almost every , so for -almost every . The same argument with the variables reversed gives for -almost every and shows that the section integrals of are integrable.
For almost every from step 1.1, [L4] gives Define the section integral to be on the exceptional null set where . The right-hand side is integrable over by step 1.1, so this extended section-integral function is integrable. The same convention and conclusion hold for .
Write , where are the positive and negative parts of the real and imaginary parts of . Each of is integrable because . Applying [L1] to these four nonnegative functions and recombining with [L3] yields the stated equality of the three integrals.