Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-14
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Homotopy invariance of vector-bundle pullback

Statement

Assume AC. Let X be paracompact Hausdorff and let H:X×I→Y be a homotopy from f0 to f1. For every numerable finite-rank real or complex vector bundle E→Y, the endpoint pullbacks f0∗E and f1∗E are isomorphic. Equivalently, the restrictions of H∗E to X×{0} and X×{1} are isomorphic. No canonical endpoint isomorphism is asserted.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, X,H,E as in the statement, and ξ=H∗E→X×I.

[F1]

Pullback charts make ξ a vector bundle, and its endpoint restrictions are f0∗E and f1∗E (Pullback vector bundles and sections).

[F2]

Under AC and DC a paracompact Hausdorff open cover admits a subordinate locally finite partition (Under choice and dependent choice, every open cover of a paracompact Hausdorff space admits a locally finite subordinate partition of unity).

[F3]

The countabilization in the proof of Numerable principal bundles are classified by maps to BG turns an arbitrary numeration into a countable partition (λm) such that each cozero set is a disjoint union of open pieces subordinate to the original cover.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1construct

For each x∈X, compactness of I gives a partition 0=t0<⋯<tr=1 and neighborhoods Ux,j of x such that ξ is trivial on Ux,j×[tj−1,tj]. After shrinking to Ux=⋂jUx,j, modify each later strip trivialization by its transition matrix at the common endpoint; consecutive trivializations then agree there and paste. Thus ξ∣Ux×I is trivial.

2.1F2F3A1step 1.1choose

Apply [A1] and [F2] to the cover (Ux). Apply the countabilization [F3] to obtain a countable open cover (Vm) and a locally finite partition (λm) with supp⁡λm⊆Vm, where each Vm is a disjoint union of open sets contained in members of the original cover. Pasting the corresponding trivializations over those disjoint pieces makes ξ∣Vm×I trivial.

3.1step 2.1construct

Put ψ0=0, ψm=∑j≤mλj, and let Xm⊆X×I be the graph of ψm. Over Vm×I, its chosen trivialization transports a vector vertically from (x,ψm(x)) to (x,ψm−1(x)). Outside supp⁡λm the two graph points agree, so extending by the identity gives a continuous bundle isomorphism hm:ξ∣Xm→ξ∣Xm−1.

4.1step 3.1

Near any x, choose M so every λm with m>M vanishes there. On that neighborhood ψM=1, and h1∘⋯∘hM carries the restriction over the graph of 1 to the graph of 0. Enlarging M does not change this map locally because the added hm are identities. These local formulas therefore define a continuous fiberwise-linear isomorphism ξ∣X×{1}→ξ∣X×{0}. Reversing the finite local composites gives its continuous inverse.

5.1F1A1step 2.1step 4.1∎

By [F1] the two endpoint restrictions are precisely f1∗E and f0∗E, so step 4.1 proves the assertion. AC was used in step 2.1 to supply DC and countabilize the arbitrary partition; the finite strip constructions are choice-free once their data are supplied. Different partitions and charts can give different endpoint maps, which is why no canonical isomorphism is claimed.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources