Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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Nice-name reduction and the ccc counting bound

Statement

In ZFC, every P-name forced to be a subset of a ground-model set A is forced equal to a nice name. If P is ccc, ∣P∣=μ is infinite, and ∣A∣=λ, then there are at most (μℵ0)λ nice names for subsets of A; in particular at most μℵ0 nice names for reals.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, p⊩x˙⊆Aˇ, and the additional cardinal hypotheses for the count.

[F2]

Monotonicity, density, and decision for forcing supplies dense decisions, persistence, and density closure.

[F4]

Atomic forcing relation supplies the membership and extensional equality clauses for names.

Proof

1.1F1F2F4

For every a∈A, choose a maximal antichain Aa below p consisting of conditions deciding aˇ∈x˙, retain its positive members Ba, and let y˙={⟨aˇ,q⟩:a∈A, q∈Ba}. Fix q≤p and a∈A. Maximality gives a common extension r≤q,s for some s∈Aa. If s is positive, persistence makes r force membership in x˙, while the coefficient s∈Ba makes r force membership in y˙ by F4. If s is negative, persistence makes r force nonmembership in x˙, and incompatibility with every member of Ba leaves no extension of r forcing membership in y˙, so the negation clause makes r force nonmembership there. Thus conditions agreeing on the membership of each ground element are dense below p. Since p forces x˙⊆Aˇ and the displayed coefficients make y˙ a name for a subset of Aˇ, density closure and the two extensional clauses in F4 give p⊩x˙=y˙. The simultaneous maximal-antichain choice is the first use of AC.

2.1F3∎

Under ccc, each Aa is countable. There are at most μℵ0 countable subsets of P, so a nice name is coded by a λ-sequence of such subsets and their number is at most (μℵ0)λ. For A=ω, cardinal exponentiation gives (μℵ0)ℵ0=μℵ0. These counts use AC to identify all sets with cardinals.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources