How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Open mapping theorem for holomorphic functions
Statement
Every nonconstant holomorphic function on a complex domain is an open map.
Thus, if is nonconstant and holomorphic on a complex domain , then is open in for every open subset (Homeomorphism, open map, closed map, embedding, and what it means for a property to be topological).
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A nonconstant holomorphic function on a complex domain (A complex domain is a nonempty connected open subset of ) and an open subset .
If two holomorphic functions on a complex domain agree on a set with an accumulation point in the domain, then they agree everywhere on the domain (Identity theorem for holomorphic functions).
If is a complex domain, is nonconstant and holomorphic, , and , then near there is a biholomorphic coordinate with and (Local normal form of a nonconstant holomorphic map).
If is a complex domain, is nonconstant and holomorphic, , and , then every neighbourhood of contains an open neighbourhood for which some gives exactly preimages in for , while has only the preimage , counted with multiplicity (A local degree-m holomorphic map has m nearby sheets).
Proof
The function is not constant on any neighbourhood of any : if it were constant on one, [L1] would make it constant on the connected domain .
Fix . Shrink the neighbourhood in [L2] so that it lies in . The local multiplicity conclusion [L3], including its central value, gives a disc about contained in the image of that neighbourhood and therefore in .
Every point of is therefore interior. Hence is open; when , its image is empty and the same conclusion holds.