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Weierstrass preparation theorem
Statement
Let be regular in of order . Then there are a unit and a Weierstrass polynomial of degree such that
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A germ that is regular in of order .
Units in are exactly the germs with nonzero value at (A germ is a unit exactly when its value at is nonzero, so is local).
The zero-count lemma supplies a radius and parameter neighbourhood for the nearby slices of (Nearby slices of a regular germ have the same zero count).
The power sums of those slice zeros are holomorphic, and Newton's recurrences convert them into holomorphic elementary symmetric functions (The power sums of the slice zeros vary holomorphically, Finite Newton recurrences for the slice zeros).
A Weierstrass polynomial is monic in the last variable with lower coefficients vanishing at the origin, and the exact order of a one-variable zero is the exponent in its local factorization (Weierstrass polynomials in the last variable, The order of a zero is the exponent in its local holomorphic factorization).
Quotients by nonvanishing holomorphic functions are holomorphic (Sums, products and nonvanishing quotients of holomorphic functions are holomorphic).
A one-variable contour integral is holomorphic in each complex parameter, and a locally bounded separately holomorphic function is holomorphic (A contour integral of a jointly continuous, parameter-holomorphic integrand is holomorphic, Locally bounded and separately holomorphic implies holomorphic).
The polydisc Cauchy formula specializes to the usual one-variable Cauchy formula when only the last variable is present (The iterated Cauchy integral formula on a polydisc).
Proof
Choose a representative of on a neighbourhood of the closed cylinder given by [L2]. For each , let be the slice zeros in , counted with multiplicity. By [L3], the elementary symmetric functions of those roots are holomorphic in . Define At all slice roots equal , so for every ; therefore is a degree- Weierstrass polynomial by [L4].
For each fixed , the polynomial has exactly the zeros with their multiplicities. Since has the same zero multiset by construction, [L4] shows that at every slice zero the quotient extends holomorphically across ; away from those zeros it is holomorphic by [L5]. Thus the slice quotient is holomorphic on .
Define Because on , the integrand is continuous on and holomorphic in each parameter variable. By [L6], the resulting function is separately holomorphic and locally bounded, hence holomorphic on . For fixed , the one-variable Cauchy formula [L7] applied to the holomorphic slice quotient from step 2.1 gives so
On the central slice, regularity gives with , while step 1.1 gives . Hence step 3.1 yields . By [L1], the germ of is a unit. Therefore the germs of and satisfy in , which is the required preparation.
Depends on
A germ is a unit exactly when its value at is nonzero, so is local
Regular holomorphic germs in the last variable
Weierstrass polynomials in the last variable
Nearby slices of a regular germ have the same zero count
The power sums of the slice zeros vary holomorphically
Finite Newton recurrences for the slice zeros
The order of a zero is the exponent in its local holomorphic factorization
Sums, products and nonvanishing quotients of holomorphic functions are holomorphic
A contour integral of a jointly continuous, parameter-holomorphic integrand is holomorphic
The iterated Cauchy integral formula on a polydisc
Locally bounded and separately holomorphic implies holomorphic