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Affine generator profiles give constant signed acceleration
Statement
In the preceding generator-profile setting, suppose is affinely geodesic, meaning along . If with constant and , then along . For a pair of branches with profiles on and on , where and both generators are affine, the signed coefficients are and , respectively. At the bifurcation section the acceleration equation alone does not determine a coefficient.
For a smooth vector field tangent to and a smooth vector field along with values in , write , using smooth local ambient extensions . Local extensions exist, and this expression is independent of their choice, as proved below. For , denotes the action of the tangent field on the smooth function on . These conventions apply separately to both branches, including their bifurcation section.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
The metric-selected connection is function-linear in its direction argument and obeys for ambient fields and functions. The ambient smooth data and horizon conventions specify a smooth embedded hypersurface . Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class Stationary Lorentzian data and tensor conventions Bifurcate Killing horizons, rotation and normalization
The generator profile has zero locus exactly its zero-parameter section. Affine null-generator profiles vanish exactly on the bifurcation section
A smooth embedded hypersurface admits local slice coordinates in which it is a coordinate hyperplane. A tangent field on the hypersurface acts on its smooth functions as a derivation. Embedded submanifolds and slice charts The action of a vector field on smooth functions
Proof
Given: The hypotheses and data in the Statement.
Goal: Establish well-definedness of the restricted derivative and the stated acceleration conclusions.
Fix . By [F3], shrink a slice chart to a product coordinate box with coordinates and in this box; put . The smooth coordinate coefficients of fields along , and of functions on , extend smoothly by making them independent of . Thus the local ambient extensions in the Statement exist. Define smooth functions in this chart by . Expanding the ambient connection rules in [F1] gives , with indices from to .
If two extensions of differ by , then , so on for . Since is tangent, . The formula in step 1.1 therefore gives . Changing an extension of leaves its values on fixed, so the same formula gives no change in the derivative there either. The local definitions agree on overlaps because each equals restriction of the same intrinsic ambient connection applied to any local extensions. They consequently define a smooth field along , independent of chart and extensions. Extending a scalar in the same way gives by [F3]; restricting the ambient rules therefore proves and along .
Using the now well-defined restricted derivative and its rules, . This calculation is valid everywhere on , including , using the given and affine condition .
Replacing by gives the coefficient for the other branch. Off the section the coefficients are unique because by [F2]. On the section, makes both sides zero for any assigned scalar; the constant branch values are limits of the values off the section, not values deduced from this zero equation.
Depends on
- Stationary Lorentzian data and tensor conventions
- Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class
- Bifurcate Killing horizons, rotation and normalization
- Affine null-generator profiles vanish exactly on the bifurcation section
- Embedded submanifolds and slice charts
- The action of a vector field on smooth functions
Dependency tree · 2 levels
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