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Regular Harrison Einstein–Maxwell family

Statement

Assume exactly Radu's mass-one GR/SBS and original maximal-slice hypotheses, detailed in Facts below. For 0≤q≤1, the regular Harrison formulas define Lorentz metrics gq and real two-forms Fq on E∪O, for one neighborhood O of the bifurcation sphere S0. They satisfy (g1,F1)=(g,0) and LTgq=LTFq=0. On E they satisfy the source-free geometric electrovacuum equations, and on outward oriented end spheres Sr their electric and magnetic fluxes (4π)−1∫Sr⋆gqFq and (4π)−1∫SrFq are 1−q2 and zero. The metrics depend smoothly on q on compact subsets; the fields are spacetime smooth and continuous in q. Near S0 the local commuting Killing fields K,Z remain Killing, and the two horizon branches retain generator K and its surface gravity. The sign of gq(T,T) equals the sign of g(T,T). The tensors extend smoothly across S0; equations there follow on O∩E‾ by continuity, without asserting equations throughout O∖E‾. No small-angular-momentum bound is assumed.

Facts & Assumptions

[A2]

The precise imported GR data are a connected oriented time-oriented smooth vacuum four-spacetime, a spacelike acausal edgeless partial Cauchy hypersurface Σ0=Φ0({∣x∣>1/2}), Σ1=Φ0({∣x∣>1}), and S0=Φ0({∣x∣=1}). The stationary end has T=∂t and g00=−1+2/r+O6(r−2), gij=δij+O6(r−1), g0i=−2ϵijkSjxkr−3+O6(r−3). The spacetime orientation is fixed by dt∧dx1∧dx2∧dx3 in this chart and is used for every ⋆g and ⋆gq. Here Sr={t=0, ∣x∣=r} has the outward boundary orientation induced by dx1∧dx2∧dx3 on the zero-time end slice. Its exterior E=I−(Mend)∩I+(Mend) is globally hyperbolic; Σ0∩I−(Mend)=Σ0∩I+(Mend)=Σ1; T is nowhere zero on E, with complete orbits meeting Σ1 transversally. SBS requires the two chronological boundary hypersurfaces H± near S0 to be smooth, null, transverse and nonexpanding, intersecting in S0, with T tangent to both and not identically zero on S0. The induced geometry extends smoothly to S0 and tr⁡hk=0 on Σ1. These are §1.1 GR, SBS and maximality of the independent external source, with mass rescaled to one; they are additional hypotheses rather than consequences of the interface definitions in [A1].

[F1]

Use the normalized vacuum Ernst data of the source: f=−g(T,T), F=12dT♭, F=F+i⋆gF, σ=f+iψ with ψ(∞)=0, iTF=12dσ, f<1 on E, and f≤0 on S0. The local source fields obey [K,Z]=0, T=K+ΩZ with constant Ω≠0, K∣S0=0, and the periodic field Z has a pole p where T(p)=0.

[F2]

The shared stationary primitive supplier Smooth invariant Harrison primitive near the horizon and at infinity gives dW0=4((f−1)F+ψ⋆gF), W0(T)=D0(p)−D0, smooth extension across S0, local K,Z invariance and the radial end choice W0i=O5(r−3). Its normalization, decay and extension are existence inputs, not consequences of the following polynomial calculations.

[F4]

Radu Proposition 3.1, §3.1–3.3 and Appendix A are imported for the normalized vacuum inputs in [F1], the exterior Einstein–Maxwell equations (including exterior f=0), fluxes, and local horizon Killing-field and surface-gravity preservation, under [A2].

Proof

**Given:**The hypotheses in the Statement and the Facts below.

Goal: Establish the stated conclusions.

1.1A1A2F1F2F3

Apply [F2] to fix one W0; set Dq=∣1+q−(1−q)σ∣2 and Wq=(1−q)2W0−4q(1−q)T♭. The denominator lemma gives positivity on E and a common neighborhood O of S0. The primitive-lift lemma gives Wq(T)=Dq(p)−Dq and the curl identity. In particular no time-coordinate normalization is chosen independently of the contraction constant fixed at p.

2.1A1F1F2F3step 1.1

The rank-one metric lemma gives gq=14(Dqg+T♭⊗Wq+Wq⊗T♭−(f/Dq)Wq⊗Wq), its Lorentz signature, smoothness and sign identity. The regular-Maxwell lemma gives Fq as the real part of its self-dual tensor formula, endpoint values and the stated distinct parameter regularities. Stationarity follows because every coefficient is formed algebraically from stationary fields.

3.1A1A2F3F4step 2.1∎

Apply the precisely scoped external construction input [F4] under [A2] for the Einstein–Maxwell equations on E, the two charge integrals, and preservation of K,Z and the horizon surface gravity near S0. These differential-equation, flux and horizon claims are imported; the preceding algebra alone does not establish them. The boundary-scope lemma extends the equations to O∩E‾ by continuity but supplies no equation on the open opposite side. Thus smooth horizon extension and exterior field equations have distinct scopes exactly as asserted. The imported construction assumes GR, SBS and maximality, with no global smallness hypothesis.

Radu Proposition 3.1 is imported for the exterior Einstein–Maxwell equations, the charge integrals, and preservation of the local horizon Killing fields and surface gravity, under precisely the GR/SBS and maximality hypotheses specified above. Appendix A.2 covers exterior points with f=0; its scope is not all of the horizon neighborhood.

External input

Radu Proposition 3.1 is imported for the exterior Einstein–Maxwell equations, the charge integrals, and preservation of the local horizon Killing fields and surface gravity, under precisely the GR/SBS and maximality hypotheses specified above. Appendix A.2 covers exterior points with f=0; its scope is not all of the horizon neighborhood.

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External dependencies

Alexandru F. Radu, Rigidity of stationary black holes with small ADM angular momentum · §1.1 GR/SBS and maximality; §3.1–3.3, Proposition 3.1, (3.5)–(3.25); Appendix A.1–A.3

Under mass-one GR, SBS and original maximality, Proposition 3.1 defines the stationary regular Harrison tensors on E union O, asserts Einstein–Maxwell only on E, gives smooth metric and continuous field parameter dependence, normalized charges, and preservation of local horizon fields and surface gravity. §3.1–3.2 provides the normalized Ernst data, f<1 exterior bound and pole normalization used in the construction.

Hypotheses: Exactly the detailed [A2] assumptions; vacuum Ricci=0, mass one, normalized Ernst potential, source orientations and flux convention. SBS includes T not identically zero on the bifurcation sphere. No smallness of J, nor J<1, is an extra assumption of Proposition 3.1. The equations are imported on E only.

Reading limits: Read the actual arXiv HTML v1 §1.1 hypotheses, §3.1–3.3 construction and Proposition 3.1, Appendix A.1 formulas (A.2)–(A.11) and patching paragraph, and Appendix A.2 through its exterior f=0 discussion. Checked the displayed algebra used in the five conditional helper proofs. Did not independently reconstruct the full Einstein–Maxwell, flux, local rigidity or horizon-collar proofs; those conclusions are explicitly imported at their exact source locators. No source reading or proof acceptance is asserted for the shared primitive resolution.

Sources