Alphabeta Math
CounterexampleConstruction: AI-generatedVerification: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-07
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Finite weight spaces alone do not give category O

Statement refuted

Fix a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra g, a Cartan subalgebra h, and a positive Borel b=hn+. Write Q+=iZ0αi, μλ when λμQ+, and wλ=w(λ+ρ)ρ.

False claim: a finitely generated weight module with finite-dimensional weight spaces must belong to O.

For sl2, induce the weight-zero one-dimensional module from the negative Borel ChCf. The resulting lowest-weight Verma module X is cyclic, has one-dimensional weight spaces at 2k for k0, and is not in O.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The setting above and the hypotheses in the statement refuted.

[F1]

Fix a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra g, a Cartan subalgebra h, and a positive Borel b=hn+. Write Q+=iZ0αi, μλ when λμQ+, and wλ=w(λ+ρ)ρ. The BGG category O is the full subcategory of left U(g)-modules M satisfying all three conditions: M is finitely generated; M=μhMμ where Mμ={v:hv=μ(h)v for all hh}; and U(n+)v is finite dimensional for each vM. Its morphisms are all g-linear maps. The zero module is included, generated by the empty set. The enveloping and triangular conventions are those of thm-pbw-ordered-monomial-basis-for-the-enveloping-algebra and thm-triangular-decomposition-from-a-chosen-positive-root-system. (The classical BGG category O)

[F2]

Fix a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra g, a Cartan subalgebra h, and a positive Borel b=hn+. Write Q+=iZ0αi, μλ when λμQ+, and wλ=w(λ+ρ)ρ. Let M be a finitely generated h-semisimple g-module. Then MO if and only if suppMi=1r(λiQ+) for some finite list of weights. In either case every Mμ is finite dimensional. The list may be empty for M=0; finite generation is an independent hypothesis. (The support description of category O with finite generation)

[F3]

Let x1,,xr be an ordered basis of a finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra g. Then the monomials x1a1x2a2xrar(aiN0) form a basis of U(g). In particular, multiplication identifies grU(g) with the symmetric algebra S(g) on the symbols of the xi. (PBW gives an ordered monomial basis for the enveloping algebra)

Counterexample

1.1

Let w=11 in X=U(sl2)U(ChCf)C0, where h and f kill 1. Ordering e before the negative Borel in PBW gives the basis wk=ekw, k0. The relation [h,e]=2e gives hwk=2kwk. This proves cyclicity and the one-dimensional weight-space assertion.

F3construct
2.1

The vectors ekw=wk are linearly independent, so U(n+)w=C[e]w is infinite dimensional and violates the local-finiteness axiom. Moreover no finite union of sets λi2Z0 can contain all 2k: any cone meeting this real arithmetic progression has a fixed finite upper bound there, and finitely many bounds cannot contain its unbounded sequence. Thus the support criterion fails as well.

F1F2algebrastep 1.1

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