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An abstract group action need not be an algebraic action

Statement refuted

Every abstract action of the group of complex points of an affine algebraic group on an affine algebraic set is algebraic and induces a rational coordinate-ring representation.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The additive group G=(C,+), X=A1, and the abstract action g⋅x=x+g‾. AC is assumed for the published classical affine function theorem and the A-page coaction implication (The Axiom of Choice).

[F1]

An algebraic action must be a morphism, and its coordinate action uses inverse pullback (Classical complex affine algebraic actions and rational modules).

[F2]

An algebraic action would have an algebraic coordinate coaction and locally finite rational coordinate representation (Affine actions correspond to coordinate-ring coactions, The coordinate ring of an affine algebraic action is a locally finite rational module).

[F3]

Global regular functions on an affine algebraic set are coordinate-ring elements, hence polynomial functions (Global regular functions on a classical affine variety are its coordinate ring, Polynomial functions on an affine algebraic set are its coordinate ring).

Counterexample

1.1givenF1F3algebra

Conjugation is additive, so g⋅(h⋅x)=x+h‾+g‾=(g+h)⋅x and 0⋅x=x. Each fixed g acts by the polynomial translation x↦x+g‾. But the joint action is not a morphism: restriction along g↦(g,0) would make g↦g‾ a polynomial on A1. Such a polynomial would equal g on all real numbers, hence be the identity polynomial, but would then send i to i rather than −i.

2.1F1F2step 1.1algebra∎

Inverse pullback acts on W=C1+Cz by 1↦1 and z↦z−g‾. Thus W is stable, yet its representation has nonregular matrix coefficient −g‾, by step 1.1. No larger finite-dimensional stable subspace containing z can be algebraic: it contains every translate z−g‾, in particular the translate z−1 for the group element 1, so it also contains the difference z−(z−1)=1 and hence the stable W, and restriction to W would have regular matrix entries by taking a finite basis extending a basis of W. Consequently the coordinate representation is not rational, even though each polynomial's translates lie in its finite-dimensional bounded-degree space. This explicitly violates the rationality conclusion in F2, and refutes the claim.

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