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A free irrational torus action that is not proper
Statement refuted
False claim: every smooth free action of a Lie group on a manifold is proper and has a Hausdorff orbit quotient.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: An irrational number and with its usual smooth structure.
A left action is free when all stabilizers are trivial, and it is proper when has compact inverse images of compact sets. Free and proper Lie-group actions.
For irrational , the displayed action is smooth and free and all its orbits are dense. The irrational torus flow is free with dense orbits.
The wrap-metric circle is compact, and finite products of compact spaces are compact. The unit-interval circle is a nonempty compact metric space, A product of finitely many compact spaces is compact in the product topology.
Counterexample
Define the -action on by By [F2], it is a smooth free left action.
Every orbit is dense by [F2].
The action is not proper. The map identifies the wrap-metric circle in [F3] with the complex unit circle : their chordal distance is , so the map is a homeomorphism. Thus [F3] makes , then , compact. The full inverse image of this compact target under the action-graph map is . Were it compact, its continuous projection onto would make compact by [F4], contrary to the open cover , which has no finite subcover.
The quotient is not Hausdorff. Each orbit is a proper dense subset: it is dense by step 2.1. For a point , choose with . Its orbit meets only at the countable set , so it cannot contain the whole circle and is therefore proper. If the quotient were Hausdorff, a singleton orbit class would be closed and its inverse image under the quotient map would be a closed orbit, contradicting density and properness. This free, nonproper action therefore refutes both conclusions, without using any choice principle.
Depends on
- Free and proper Lie-group actions
- The irrational torus flow is free with dense orbits
- A product of finitely many compact spaces is compact in the product topology
- The unit-interval circle is a nonempty compact metric space
- A continuous image of a compact space is compact; a continuous real-valued map on a nonempty compact space attains a maximum and a minimum; and a continuous bijection from a compact space to a Hausdorff space is a homeomorphism
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- John M. Lee, Introduction to Smooth Manifolds, 2nd ed. (standard reference, not scraped)