Alphabeta Math
CounterexampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-05
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Global sections need not preserve surjections

Statement refuted

If φ:F→G is an epimorphism of sheaves of abelian groups on a space X, then the induced map on global sections

Γ(X,F)→Γ(X,G)

is always surjective.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The circle X=S1.

[F1]

Global sections need not preserve epimorphisms in general (Global sections are left exact but need not preserve epimorphisms).

Counterexample

technique · direct
1.1construct

Let C be the sheaf of continuous real-valued functions on S1, and let Z‾ be the subsheaf of locally constant integer-valued functions. Let Q be the sheafification of the presheaf quotient V↦C(V)/Z‾(V). Every germ of Q is represented locally by a continuous function, so the canonical map C→Q is locally surjective and hence an epimorphism of sheaves.

1.2constructcontradiction

Cover the circle by the two arcs U0=S1∖{(−1,0)} and U1=S1∖{(1,0)}. Choose continuous angle functions θ0:U0→(−1/2,1/2) and θ1:U1→(0,1) with e2πiθi(z)=z. Their quotient classes agree on U0∩U1, because the difference θ1−θ0 is locally constant integer-valued there. Thus they glue to a section q∈Γ(S1,Q). If q came from a global continuous real function g, then g−θi would be an integer-valued continuous function on the connected set Ui, hence constant. On the two connected components of U0∩U1 this would force the same constant difference to be both 0 and 1, which is impossible. So Γ(S1,C)→Γ(S1,Q) is not surjective.

2.1F1step 1.1step 1.2∎

Therefore an epimorphism of sheaves can fail to become surjective on global sections. This is exactly the phenomenon asserted in [F1], so the statement is refuted.

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

4 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources