Alphabeta Math
CounterexampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-05 rests on unproved material (inherited)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Rests on 3 statements not proved in this library, by way of the results it cites. This item cites no such statement directly; it depends on results that do. The unproved premises it inherits are Cohen's first model: an infinite Dedekind-finite set of reals, Sierpiński 1947: the generalised continuum hypothesis implies the Axiom of Choice and The continuum hypothesis and its generalisation are independent of ZFC. Each is recorded with a citation to the literature and is not established here, because the track that would prove it has not yet been developed in this library. Everything else in this proof is proved here.

Global sections need not preserve surjections

Statement refuted

If φ:FG is an epimorphism of sheaves of abelian groups on a space X, then the induced map on global sections

Γ(X,F)Γ(X,G)

is always surjective.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The circle X=S1.

[F1]

Global sections need not preserve epimorphisms in general (Global sections are left exact but need not preserve epimorphisms).

Counterexample

technique · direct
1.1

Let C be the sheaf of continuous real-valued functions on S1, and let Z be the subsheaf of locally constant integer-valued functions. Let Q be the sheafification of the presheaf quotient VC(V)/Z(V). Every germ of Q is represented locally by a continuous function, so the canonical map CQ is locally surjective and hence an epimorphism of sheaves.

construct
1.2

Cover the circle by the two arcs U0=S1{(1,0)} and U1=S1{(1,0)}. Choose continuous angle functions θ0:U0(1/2,1/2) and θ1:U1(0,1) with e2πiθi(z)=z. Their quotient classes agree on U0U1, because the difference θ1θ0 is locally constant integer-valued there. Thus they glue to a section qΓ(S1,Q). If q came from a global continuous real function g, then gθi would be an integer-valued continuous function on the connected set Ui, hence constant. On the two connected components of U0U1 this would force the same constant difference to be both 0 and 1, which is impossible. So Γ(S1,C)Γ(S1,Q) is not surjective.

constructcontradiction
2.1

Therefore an epimorphism of sheaves can fail to become surjective on global sections. This is exactly the phenomenon asserted in [F1], so the statement is refuted.

F1step 1.1step 1.2

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

4 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources