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Isomorphism does not make an inclusion elementary
Statement
The structures and in the language with one binary relation symbol are isomorphic, but the inclusion is not elementary.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Work in ZF with the usual strict order of the natural numbers, beginning at zero.
An elementary embedding preserves and reflects every formula on tuples; a relational substructure has a nonempty subset as carrier and restricted relations. (Elementary embeddings, substructures and chains)
Existential satisfaction means that an element of the structure's carrier satisfies the matrix. (Existence and uniqueness of set satisfaction)
Every nonzero natural is a successor. (Every nonzero natural number is a successor)
For natural m,n,k, m<n iff m+k<n+k, and m<=n iff m+k<=n+k. (Order is compatible with addition)
Exactly one of m<n, m=n, n<m holds for natural m,n. (Trichotomy of the order on )
Proof
The positive tail is nonempty since , and restricting to makes it a substructure: there are no constant or function symbols requiring further closure. Define by . Each positive natural is uniquely a successor, so defined by satisfies and . Also iff : adding one preserves strict natural-number order, and if then . Hence is a bijection preserving and reflecting the sole relation and is an isomorphism. In particular ; it is different from inclusion.
At the parameter , the formula holds in because . It fails in : every is a positive natural, so and is false. Thus inclusion fails to preserve and reflect this formula's truth and is not elementary, despite the isomorphism constructed in step 1.1.
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
19 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Weiss–D’Mello, Fundamentals of Model Theory, Example 7, printed p.16; shift and failed formula computed. (standard reference, not scraped)