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The trefoil exterior is Seifert-fibered
Statement refuted
Every compact exterior of a smooth knot in is non-Seifert-fibered.
Statement references
Counterexample description
Let with the weighted circle action , and let for . The Clifford torus separates into two solid tori; winds twice around the core of and three times around the core of , so it is the standard torus knot, the trefoil. Let be the orbit map and choose a small closed disk about disjoint from the axis orbits. Then is an invariant solid torus neighborhood and is Seifert-fibered over a disk with cone points of orders and ; a regular fiber is central in .
Sources
Diagram
The disk marks the regular orbit removed to form the exterior. The two filled points mark the axis orbits, with their stabilizer orders. The proof uses the explicit circle action and does not depend on the drawing.
\begin{center} \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.15] \draw[thick] (0,0) circle (1.6); \fill[gray!15] (0.45,0.15) circle (0.33); \draw[thick] (0.45,0.15) circle (0.33); \fill (0,1.6) circle (2pt); \fill (0,-1.6) circle (2pt); \node at (0.45,0.15) {}; \node[right] at (0,1.6) {order }; \node[right] at (0,-1.6) {order }; \node at (0,-2.0) {quotient sphere; remove the shaded disk}; \end{tikzpicture} \end{center}
Facts & Assumptions
Given: , the weighted circle action , its orbit , the orbit map , a small closed disk around disjoint from the two axis orbits, and the invariant tube with exterior .
Knot exterior defines the compact exterior by removing the interior of the chosen closed tube.
Incompressibility, Seifert fibrations, and JSJ systems defines a Seifert fibration by local fibered-solid-torus models; multiplicity fibers are regular, while multiplicity fibers are exceptional of order .
Thurston hyperbolization for atoroidal knot exteriors explicitly requires that the exterior not be Seifert-fibered.
Counterexample
The action preserves , so it acts smoothly on . The orbit of is exactly . A group element stabilizes this point only if and are both multiples of ; coprimality of and makes the stabilizer trivial. The regions and are solid tori, parametrized respectively by and with the disk coordinate bounded by and . The coordinate is the core direction of the first solid torus and winds twice along ; the coordinate is the core direction of the second and winds three times. This proves the claimed torus-knot type. On the axis the stabilizer has order , and on the axis it has order .
On , write and modulo . The integer coordinate change , has determinant and is invertible on the phase torus. The circle action changes by its parameter and fixes , while is fixed; thus the quotient of this open set is the cylinder with coordinates , and the inverse image of any disk around in it is explicitly . At and the phase circle collapses to one point at each end, so the full orbit space is a sphere; the two axis orbits have stabilizer orders and . The complement of is a disk with those two cone points. Its orbits give the fibers of , and [F2] identifies the axis fibers as exceptional of orders and .
Choose a basepoint on a regular fiber, let be that fiber loop, and let be any loop in based at . The map defined by is well-defined because the tube is invariant. Its boundary represents : the two vertical sides are and since , and the horizontal sides are the fiber loop and its reverse. The square contracts its boundary, so commutes with . Since was arbitrary, the regular fiber class is central in .
By [F3], a Seifert-fibered exterior does not satisfy the required non-Seifert-fibered hypothesis. Step 2.1 establishes that is Seifert-fibered, so this example refutes the statement that every knot exterior is non-Seifert-fibered and also fails that hypothesis of the hyperbolization contract.
Depends on
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Dependency tree · two levels
13 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Jessica S. Purcell, Hyperbolic Knot Theory (standard reference, not scraped)
- William P. Thurston, The Geometry and Topology of Three-Manifolds (standard reference, not scraped)