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Omitting Khovanov normalization breaks Reidemeister I and the Jones Euler characteristic
Statement refuted
For every nonempty finite regular oriented diagram , form the integral Khovanov state cube but omit the cohomological shift and quantum shift . The false claim is that the resulting raw cohomology groups are invariant under oriented Reidemeister moves and that their graded rank Euler characteristic equals the Jones polynomial with the usual unreduced unknot factor , under and .
Statement references
Normalized shifts and local algebra maps
Type-I chain-complex cancellations
Normalized Euler characteristic
Raw state cube before normalization
Jones Euler characteristic theorem
Khovanov, A categorification of the Jones polynomial (1999), §§2.2–2.4 and 5.1–5.2
Bar-Natan, On Khovanov's categorification of the Jones polynomial (2002), §§3.1 and 3.5.1
Kauffman, An Introduction to Khovanov Homology (2022), §§3–4
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The crossingless unknot, its positive and negative one-crossing curls, and the raw cube with both normalization shifts omitted.
The algebra has basis in quantum degrees , and the edge operations are and with the displayed values (Khovanov Frobenius algebra and cube of resolutions).
In the declared smoothing chart, the positive one-crossing curl has a two-circle -resolution and one-circle -resolution joined by ; the negative curl has one-circle -resolution and a two-circle -resolution joined by (Kauffman bracket smoothing and loop value, Oriented crossing signs, diagram writhe, and blackboard framing, Khovanov chain complex from a diagram).
A crossingless one-circle diagram has a unique state with no differential (Khovanov chain complex from a diagram).
Each oriented type-I curl is realized by an ambient isotopy, so the curled diagram and the crossingless diagram represent the same oriented unknot (Oriented Reidemeister moves, Each oriented Reidemeister move is realized by an ambient isotopy).
The signed cube differential squares to zero, and the raw cube is a bounded complex of finite-rank free abelian groups (The Khovanov cube differential squares to zero, The Khovanov diagram procedure terminates and returns a finite cochain complex).
Counterexample
The raw zero-crossing complex of is in cohomological degree with zero differential by [F3]. Its generators have quantum degrees by [F1], so its chain Euler polynomial is .
In the positive curl, the -state contributes and the -state contributes , because the state coordinate raises quantum degree by one and homological degree by one. Hence . In the negative curl, the -state contributes and the -state contributes . Hence . These computations use only the state modules and gradings before the writhe normalization.
For each quantum degree, tensor the bounded finite-rank free complex with . Clearing denominators shows that kernels and images localize to the kernels and images of the rationalized maps; applying the same argument to a kernel modulo the preceding image identifies rationalized cohomology with integral cohomology tensored with . Its dimension is therefore the integral rank of cohomology. In the bounded rational complex, rank-nullity gives ; alternating over cancels the image terms. Thus the raw cohomology Euler polynomials equal the chain Euler polynomials in steps 1.1–1.2. The distinct Laurent polynomials , , and come from diagrams of the same unknot by [F4]. The raw groups are consequently not invariant, and the raw unknot factor is not the claimed .
Depends on
- Kauffman bracket smoothing and loop value
- Oriented crossing signs, diagram writhe, and blackboard framing
- Khovanov Frobenius algebra and cube of resolutions
- Khovanov chain complex from a diagram
- The Khovanov cube differential squares to zero
- Oriented Reidemeister moves
- Each oriented Reidemeister move is realized by an ambient isotopy
- The Khovanov diagram procedure terminates and returns a finite cochain complex
Used by
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Sources
- Mikhail Khovanov, A categorification of the Jones polynomial, arXiv:math/9908171v2, §§2.2–2.4 and 5.1–5.2 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Dror Bar-Natan, On Khovanov's categorification of the Jones polynomial, Algebraic & Geometric Topology 2 (2002), §§3.1 and 3.5.1 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Louis H. Kauffman, An Introduction to Khovanov Homology, arXiv:1107.1524v2 (2022), §§3–4 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Melissa Zhang, Notes on Khovanov homology, arXiv:2501.03115v1, §§3.5–3.7 (standard reference, not scraped)