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An orientation-reversing homeomorphism need not be quasiconformal
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Statement refuted. Every homeomorphism that preserves the moduli of all quadrilateral families up to factor is -quasiconformal; no orientation hypothesis is needed.
Counterexample. Take and . This is an orientation-reversing Euclidean isometry. It preserves the extremal length and reciprocal curve-family modulus of every path family exactly, so it satisfies all quadrilateral modulus inequalities with . But it violates the orientation clause of Orientation-preserving homeomorphisms and the geometric definition of quasiconformality and is not analytically -quasiconformal for any finite : and , contradicting for every (The ACL and Sobolev analytic definition of quasiconformality, The Wirtinger derivatives and , and antiholomorphic functions).
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Choice, the plane with its Borel area measure, and the extremal-length convention of Extremal length and the curve-family modulus of a path family.
The reflection is continuous and hence measurable, and it is an orthogonal linear map. Since , orthogonal invariance of Lebesgue measure makes it a measure-preserving transformation of the plane (A measurable function between measurable spaces, Lebesgue measure on is invariant under every orthogonal linear map, Measure-preserving transformations and systems).
For every path , distances along equal those along , so their arc-length functions agree. Rectifiability is preserved, and nonrectifiable paths have infinite density length under both conventions (The arc-length function of a rectifiable path, Extremal length and the curve-family modulus of a path family).
If is a nonnegative Borel density on and , then is Borel and the measure-preserving integral theorem gives , allowing infinite values (Integral invariance under measure-preserving maps, [F1]).
The real derivative of conjugation is , whose determinant is , so the local orientation sign is negative (A real linear isomorphism preserves or reverses orientation according to the sign of its determinant, Smooth orientation sign is the local integral homology multiplier). Its Wirtinger derivatives are and (The Wirtinger derivatives and , and antiholomorphic functions). The analytic definition requires the ACL/Sobolev and Wirtinger-inequality conditions (The ACL and Sobolev analytic definition of quasiconformality).
The library's geometric definition requires orientation preservation in addition to the two-sided quadrilateral modulus inequalities (Orientation-preserving homeomorphisms and the geometric definition of quasiconformality).
Proof
Let , , and . Given any Borel density on , set on . By [F2], each rectifiable path has the same density length before and after reflection, while nonrectifiable paths have infinite length on both sides. Thus . By [F3], the two densities also have equal area, with on one side exactly when it holds on the other. Since is an involution, this is a bijection of the admissible density classes; taking the defining supremum gives and hence , including empty, zero, and infinite cases.
Every quadrilateral family and its reflected image therefore satisfy the two-sided modulus inequalities with constant . But [F4] shows that reverses the local orientation, so it fails the orientation-preserving clause in the library's geometric definition.
The map is smooth and belongs to , but [F4] gives and . For every finite , the analytic definition has and would require , which is impossible. Thus the modulus bounds alone do not imply either orientation-preserving geometric or analytic quasiconformality.
Depends on
- Extremal length and the curve-family modulus of a path family
- The arc-length function $s_\gamma(t)=L(\gamma|_{[a,t]})$ of a rectifiable path
- Orientation-preserving homeomorphisms and the geometric definition of quasiconformality
- The ACL and Sobolev analytic definition of quasiconformality
- The Wirtinger derivatives $\partial_z f$ and $\partial_{\bar z}f$, and antiholomorphic functions
- A real linear isomorphism preserves or reverses orientation according to the sign of its determinant
- Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$ is invariant under every orthogonal linear map
- A measurable function between measurable spaces
- Measure-preserving transformations and systems
- Integral invariance under measure-preserving maps
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- The Axiom of Choice
- Smooth orientation sign is the local integral homology multiplier
Used by
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Sources
- Christopher J. Bishop, Quasiconformal Mappings (Stony Brook Math 627 lecture notes) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Mikhail Lyubich, Conformal Geometry and Dynamics of Quadratic Polynomials, vol. I (book draft, Stony Brook) (standard reference, not scraped)