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Algebraic braid relations do not imply unitarity
Statement refuted
The claim refuted is that an algebraic Yang–Baxter or Hecke relation by itself guarantees that the resulting braid-group representation is unitary for some positive-definite inner product.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: the monoidal category of finite-dimensional complex vector spaces with its usual tensor product, , , and the three-strand braid group .
Yang–Baxter operators on an object: a Yang–Baxter operator is an invertible map satisfying the cubic braid equation on .
A Yang–Baxter operator gives braid-group representations: such an operator gives a homomorphism with .
The braid group by Artin presentation: has generators and relation .
The generic type-A Hecke algebra: in the root normalization the specialized Hecke relation is .
Linear isometries, and orthogonal or unitary operators on finite-dimensional inner product spaces: a unitary operator on a finite-dimensional complex inner-product space is an invertible linear isometry, hence preserves the induced norm.
Real and complex inner-product spaces and their induced length: the inner product is linear in the first variable, conjugate-linear in the second, and positive definite; these axioms give the scalar norm calculation used below.
Counterexample
The map is invertible. In the -linear strictification used by [F1], the transported map is on . Hence both local operators on are , and each side of the Yang–Baxter equation is . Thus [F1] applies without identifying the tensor power with the original object .
By [F2] and [F3], and act by and their braid relator holds, since both sides are . At the root Hecke parameter , the valid specialization sends each to and satisfies the root quadratic equation . Thus the scalar action also satisfies the Hecke quadratic relation in the stated normalization.
For any positive-definite inner product and any nonzero , [F6] and nonnegativity of the norm give . By [F5], the generator is not unitary for any such inner product. Therefore these algebraic braid and Hecke relations do not force unitarity.
Remarks
This example uses the repository's -normalization . It does not rule out unitary representations at other parameters or after a positive dagger structure has been separately specified. The compact-group averaging lemma Averaging a Hermitian form unitarizes a finite-dimensional compact-group representation does not apply to the discrete infinite group ; the exponent-sum map Exponent sum and writhe of a braid maps it onto .
Depends on
- Yang–Baxter operators on an object
- A Yang–Baxter operator gives braid-group representations
- The braid group by Artin presentation
- The generic type-A Hecke algebra
- Linear isometries, and orthogonal or unitary operators on finite-dimensional inner product spaces
- Real and complex inner-product spaces and their induced length
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
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