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CorollaryStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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Brownian paths are locally Holder below one half

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. If B is a standard Brownian motion, then there is one event H of probability one such that, for every ωH, every T>0, and every 0<γ<1/2, there is a finite constant K=K(ω,T,γ) satisfying Bt(ω)Bs(ω)Ktsγ(0s,tT). Thus the assertion holds for the given continuous Brownian version, not merely for some unrelated modification.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A standard Brownian motion B.

[F1]

Brownian increments have law N(0,ts), and the Brownian definition supplies one probability-one event of continuous paths. Brownian motion

[F2]

For each integer m2, Brownian increments satisfy the Kolmogorov moment bound with exponent threshold (m1)/(2m). Gaussian even moments for Brownian increments

[F3]

The continuity criterion gives a continuous modification which is locally Hölder for every exponent below its threshold, simultaneously. Kolmogorov continuity criterion in one parameter

[F4]

The rationals are countable and dense; a countable union of null events is null. Q is countably infinite The rationals embed densely in the reals Finite and countable subadditivity of measures

[F5]

Two continuous real-valued maps agreeing on a dense subset are equal. Two continuous maps into a Hausdorff space that agree on a dense subset are equal

[F6]

The natural numbers are cofinal in the reals. Every complete ordered field is Archimedean

[F7]

AC is available to select the countable family of modifications furnished by [F3]. The Axiom of Choice

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

For each integer m2, [F1]--[F3] give a continuous modification Y(m) of B and a probability-one event Hm on which its paths are locally Hölder for every exponent below (m1)/(2m). Use [F7] to select one such pair for each m.

givenF1F2F3F7
2.1

Let C be the probability-one continuity event for B from [F1]. For each m and nonnegative rational q, modification gives P(Bq=Yq(m))=1. By countability and subadditivity in [F4], the intersection H=Cm2Hmm2qQ0{Bq=Yq(m)} has probability one.

step 1.1F1F4
3.1

Fix ωH and m2. On every interval [0,N], the two real functions tBt(ω) and tYt(m)(ω) are continuous and agree on the dense rational subset. By [F4]--[F5] they agree everywhere on [0,N], hence on [0,). Therefore B(ω) inherits all local Hölder exponents below (m1)/(2m).

step 2.1F4F5
4.1

Given 0<γ<1/2, [F6] supplies an integer m2 so large that 1/(2m)<1/2γ, equivalently γ<(m1)/(2m). Step 3.1 then gives the displayed Hölder bound on every [0,T], with its constant allowed to depend on ω,T,γ. The same event H works for all uncountably many γ, because only the countable integer family was intersected. AC is used exactly at step 1.1 and through the normal-law content of [F1]--[F2].

step 1.1step 3.1F1F2F6algebra

Source notes

Sousi and Yoshida give the Brownian Hölder conclusion below one half from even normal moments and Kolmogorov continuity. Steps 2.1--3.1 supply the explicit dense-set indistinguishability argument that transfers the property back to the given continuous Brownian version.

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