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Brownian paths are locally Holder below one half
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. If is a standard Brownian motion, then there is one event of probability one such that, for every , every , and every , there is a finite constant satisfying Thus the assertion holds for the given continuous Brownian version, not merely for some unrelated modification.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A standard Brownian motion .
Brownian increments have law , and the Brownian definition supplies one probability-one event of continuous paths. Brownian motion
For each integer , Brownian increments satisfy the Kolmogorov moment bound with exponent threshold . Gaussian even moments for Brownian increments
The continuity criterion gives a continuous modification which is locally Hölder for every exponent below its threshold, simultaneously. Kolmogorov continuity criterion in one parameter
The rationals are countable and dense; a countable union of null events is null. is countably infinite The rationals embed densely in the reals Finite and countable subadditivity of measures
Two continuous real-valued maps agreeing on a dense subset are equal. Two continuous maps into a Hausdorff space that agree on a dense subset are equal
The natural numbers are cofinal in the reals. Every complete ordered field is Archimedean
AC is available to select the countable family of modifications furnished by [F3]. The Axiom of Choice
Proof
For each integer , [F1]--[F3] give a continuous modification of and a probability-one event on which its paths are locally Hölder for every exponent below . Use [F7] to select one such pair for each .
Let be the probability-one continuity event for from [F1]. For each and nonnegative rational , modification gives . By countability and subadditivity in [F4], the intersection has probability one.
Fix and . On every interval , the two real functions and are continuous and agree on the dense rational subset. By [F4]--[F5] they agree everywhere on , hence on . Therefore inherits all local Hölder exponents below .
Given , [F6] supplies an integer so large that , equivalently . Step 3.1 then gives the displayed Hölder bound on every , with its constant allowed to depend on . The same event works for all uncountably many , because only the countable integer family was intersected. AC is used exactly at step 1.1 and through the normal-law content of [F1]--[F2].
Source notes
Sousi and Yoshida give the Brownian Hölder conclusion below one half from even normal moments and Kolmogorov continuity. Steps 2.1--3.1 supply the explicit dense-set indistinguishability argument that transfers the property back to the given continuous Brownian version.
Depends on
- Brownian motion
- Kolmogorov continuity criterion in one parameter
- Gaussian even moments for Brownian increments
- $\mathbb{Q}$ is countably infinite
- The rationals embed densely in the reals
- Finite and countable subadditivity of measures
- Two continuous maps into a Hausdorff space that agree on a dense subset are equal
- Every complete ordered field is Archimedean
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
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Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Perla Sousi, Advanced Probability, Section 6.2 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Nobuaki Yoshida, Probability Theory, Section 6.1 (standard reference, not scraped)