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The Coxeter nerve is CAT(1), and its girth and the girths of all its links are at least 2π

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let (W,S) be a finite-rank Coxeter system and let L=L(W,S) be its Coxeter nerve with the Moussong metric (The Coxeter nerve and its Moussong metric).

(i) L is a finite large metric flag complex. Every off-diagonal entry of every CT lies in [−1,0], so L is large (The Coxeter nerve and its Moussong metric(3)). For a pairwise adjacent nonempty set T⊆S, the matrix CT is its cosine matrix and the nerve definition gives (WT,T) the restricted Coxeter system (The Coxeter nerve and its Moussong metric(1)); applying Finiteness criterion: W is finite exactly when the Coxeter form is positive definite(1) to that system shows T spans a simplex exactly when CT is positive definite. The empty set is a simplex face and its empty matrix is positive definite vacuously (The Coxeter nerve and its Moussong metric(1)). Hence the metric flag condition of Finite large spherical complexes, their almost-negative matrices, the metric flag condition, and links(3) holds.

(ii) L is CAT(1), and every short loop in L is shrinkable. By (i) and Finite large metric flag complexes are CAT(1), L is CAT(1) for its truncated angular metric. Each component with its untruncated intrinsic metric is compact geodesic by Gram realisations, radial normalisation, finite spherical complexes and link Gram formulas(iii); a CAT(1) component is locally CAT(1) with uniform radius π/4 (proof step 2.1), so Polygon transfer, the basin as the shrinkable class, and the short-loop criterion(iv) makes every short loop shrinkable. Hence L has no nonshrinkable loop of length <2π.

(iii) The same for every link. For every face F of L, the link Lk⁡L(F) is again a finite large metric flag complex by Face links of large metric flag complexes, and the inductive local CAT(1) criterion(i), hence CAT(1) by Finite large metric flag complexes are CAT(1). Iterating the Schur complement identifies it with the nerve of the link matrix (The Coxeter nerve and its Moussong metric(3), Gram realisations, radial normalisation, finite spherical complexes and link Gram formulas(iv)). Every nonconstant closed local geodesic in a CAT(1) space has length at least 2π (Short local geodesics in a CAT(1) space are geodesics, and closed local geodesics have length at least 2π(iii)); an isometrically embedded circle is such a closed local geodesic. Therefore, with g(Y):=inf⁡{ℓ>0:Y contains an isometrically embedded circle of length ℓ} and g(Y):=+∞ when no such circle exists, the girth of L and of every face link is at least 2π.

(iv) Caveat. Nothing here asserts that W is Gromov hyperbolic; that statement requires a strict form of the girth analysis on spherical links. Möller exhibits a counterexample to Moussong's Lemma 9.11 in its cited generality, so this proof does not use that lemma. The in-library proof uses the confined radial insertion, three-edge reduction and dimension induction, independently of that disputed lemma.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC and a Coxeter system (W,S) with finite S, Coxeter matrix m, canonical form B, cosine matrices CT=(B(es,et))s,t∈T and its Coxeter nerve L=L(W,S) with the Moussong metric.

[F1]

The nerve L is the finite spherical complex whose simplices are the spherical subsets T with CT positive definite; a two-element subset spans an edge exactly when mst<∞, of length π−π/mst∈[π/2,π); every off-diagonal entry of every CT lies in [−1,0] and links of faces are computed by the iterated Schur complement. (The Coxeter nerve and its Moussong metric)

[F2]

A finite spherical complex is large when all simplex off-diagonals are at most 0 and is metric flag when every pairwise adjacent vertex set spans a simplex exactly when its cosine matrix is positive definite; its links are again finite spherical complexes. (Finite large spherical complexes, their almost-negative matrices, the metric flag condition, and links)

[F3]

The nerve definition supplies the restricted Coxeter system (WT,T) for every T (The Coxeter nerve and its Moussong metric(1)); for nonempty T, the finite-type criterion says WT is finite if and only if its canonical Coxeter form, with matrix CT, is positive definite. The empty case is handled directly. (Finiteness criterion: W is finite exactly when the Coxeter form is positive definite(1))

[F4]

Face links of finite large metric flag complexes are again finite large metric flag complexes. (Face links of large metric flag complexes, and the inductive local CAT(1) criterion)

[F5]

Under AC every finite large metric flag complex is CAT(1) for its truncated angular metric, and its untruncated components have the same short comparison tests. (Finite large metric flag complexes are CAT(1))

[F6]

In a compact geodesic locally CAT(1) space, CAT(1) implies that every short loop is shrinkable (Polygon transfer, the basin as the shrinkable class, and the short-loop criterion(iv)); “short” and “shrinkable” have the conventions of Short loops, the uniform-plus-length topology, short-loop homotopies, and nonshrinkability.

[F7]

Iterating the normalized Schur-complement formula over a face identifies each cell link with the spherical simplex on its remaining vertices. The full complex link is obtained by gluing these cell links; its identification with the nerve of the normalized link matrix is derived in step 3.1. (Gram realisations, radial normalisation, finite spherical complexes and link Gram formulas)

[F8]

In a CAT(1) space every nonconstant closed local geodesic has length at least 2π; a circle is a closed local geodesic by its isometric parametrization. (Short local geodesics in a CAT(1) space are geodesics, and closed local geodesics have length at least 2π(iii), Comparison triangles, the CAT(0) and CAT(1) inequalities, local CAT, local geodesics and round circles(5),(7))

[F9]

A CAT(1) space is locally CAT(1) with a uniform radius π/4: the closed ball Bˉ(p,π/4) is convex, since a geodesic triangle with vertex p and endpoints in the ball has perimeter at most π<2π and CAT(1) comparison keeps each side point within π/4 of the model vertex; the model ball is convex by Comparison triangles in the Euclidean plane and the round sphere, model spaces, and CAT(0) and CAT(1) consequences(ii). CAT(1) comparison restricts to this convex ball.

[F10]

Each component of the finite nerve is compact without Choice; under AC it has minimizing geodesics (Gram realisations, radial normalisation, finite spherical complexes and link Gram formulas(iii)). AC is also used with the compact short-loop theorem in step 2.1; the finite-type dictionary is choice-free. (The Axiom of Choice)

Proof

1.1F1F2F3algebra

Clause (i): every off-diagonal entry of every CT lies in [−1,0] [F1], so L is large by [F2]. If T=∅, it is spherical and its empty matrix is positive definite by convention. If T≠∅, [F1] makes (WT,T) the restricted Coxeter system with matrix m∣T, so [F3] applies (including the singleton case) and gives WT finite exactly when CT is positive definite. This is precisely the cell condition in [F1], hence every pairwise adjacent set spans a simplex exactly when its cosine matrix is positive definite. Thus L is metric flag and finite large metric flag.

2.1F1F5F6F9F10step 1.1

Clause (ii): by 1.1 and [F5] the nerve L with its truncated Moussong metric is CAT(1). By [F1] and [F10], each component with its untruncated intrinsic metric is compact and geodesic. It is CAT(1): all sides and cross-distances in a triangle of perimeter <2π are below π, so comparison is unchanged by truncation. Curve lengths and local geodesic germs agree in the two metrics, and their uniform topologies agree; thus short-loop homotopy is unchanged as well. For any point p in a CAT(1) component, the closed ball Bˉ(p,π/4) is convex: its center-and-endpoints triangles have perimeter at most π<2π, and comparison with the convex round ball of radius π/4 keeps each point of a segment in the ball [F9]. Any two points of this ball at distance <π have their geodesic in the ball, and its CAT(1) comparison inequalities are inherited from the component, so the ball is CAT(1). Thus each component is locally CAT(1) with uniform radius π/4. Applying [F6] componentwise makes every short loop shrinkable, so no nonshrinkable loop of length <2π exists in L.

3.1F1F4F5F7F8step 2.1

Clause (iii): by [F4] the link of every face of L is again a finite large metric flag complex, so by [F5] every such link is CAT(1); For nonempty F, let U be the vertices t∉F for which F∪{t} is a simplex, and form the Schur complement Z of CF in CF∪U. Its diagonal entries are positive because each CF∪{t} is positive definite. Put D=diag⁡(ztt−1/2) and A=DZD. Eliminating the vertices of F successively subtracts products of nonpositive entries divided by positive pivots, so Z and A have nonpositive off-diagonal entries. For every T⊆U, the block-completion identity proved in Face links of large metric flag complexes, and the inductive local CAT(1) criterion, gives AT positive definite exactly when CF∪T is positive definite. A nonedge pair in the latter has block (1−1−11), which excludes positive definiteness; for pairwise adjacent sets the nerve's cell test [F1] applies. Hence AT is positive definite exactly when F∪T is a simplex. On these cells, AT is their link Gram matrix by [F7], so the spherical complex with cells Σ(AT) for the positive-definite principal submatrices AT (the nerve of A) is isometric cell by cell, and therefore for the chain and truncated metrics, to Lk⁡L(F). The empty face gives L itself, and an empty U gives an empty link. By [F8], every nonconstant closed local geodesic in L or a face link has length at least 2π. An isometrically embedded circle is a closed local geodesic, so no such circle has length below 2π. Therefore the embedded-circle girth g defined in the Statement satisfies g(L)≥2π and g(Lk⁡L(F))≥2π for every face F, with g=+∞ when the circle set is empty.

4.1F5F8step 2.1step 3.1∎

Clause (iv): clauses (ii)–(iii) give CAT(1) and the non-strict girth bound; they do not assert Gromov hyperbolicity. The proof uses the confined insertion and direct three-edge contradiction, and does not consume Moussong's disputed star-avoiding lemma.

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