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The general rectangle criterion agrees with the published finite random-variable definition
Statement
Let be a finite probability space, regard it as the probability space , and let be a finite family of finite-valued random variables on . Then the rectangle criterion of Independent random elements are characterized by finite rectangle probabilities is equivalent to the published attained-value definition Pairwise and mutual independence of finite-valued random variables.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A finite probability space , a finite family of finite-valued random variables, and the corresponding full-power-set probability space .
On a finite full-power-set probability space, every finite-valued random variable is measurable in the measure-theoretic sense. (Finite random variables are measurable)
Finite probability spaces are exactly finite full-power-set probability spaces. (Finite probability spaces are exactly finite full-power-set probability spaces)
Independence of random elements is equivalent to the rectangle criterion. (Independent random elements are characterized by finite rectangle probabilities)
The published finite notion of independence requires factorization of every joint attained-value event. (Pairwise and mutual independence of finite-valued random variables)
Proof
By [L2] and [L1], the variables are genuine random elements on the full-power-set probability space, so [L3] applies to them.
Conversely, assume [L4]. For a finite subfamily and measurable sets , only finitely many values in can occur. The event is the disjoint union of the attained-value events over those finitely many tuples. Summing the factorized singleton probabilities from [L4] gives So the rectangle criterion holds.
If the rectangle criterion holds, apply it to singleton target sets . This gives for every finite , which is exactly [L4].
Steps 2.1 and 1.2 prove that the finite published definition and the general rectangle criterion agree exactly on finite-valued variables over a finite probability space.
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Sources
- Rick Durrett, Probability: Theory and Examples, 5th ed., Section 2.1 (standard reference, not scraped)
- S. R. S. Varadhan, Probability Theory, Section 3.1 (standard reference, not scraped)