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A joint density supplies a proper full conditional kernel
Statement
Let and be sigma-finite measure spaces. Suppose a probability law on their product has a nonnegative product-measurable density with respect to . Fix a supplied probability measure on and put Then is a proper full conditional kernel for .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The density model and the supplied filler probability measure in the Statement.
The density construction gives an everywhere probability kernel; the second marginal gives full mass to ; and the rectangle event identity is the defining regular conditional distribution identity. Conditional density formula.
A proper full conditional kernel is an everywhere probability kernel satisfying the block event identities against the retained-coordinate marginal. Proper full conditional kernel.
Finite measures agreeing on generating rectangles agree on the product sigma-algebra. Measures agreeing on a generating pi-system are equal under an increasing finite-measure exhaustion from that pi-system.
Integrating a nonnegative product-measurable function against a probability kernel gives a measurable function of the source point. Measurability of integration against a kernel.
Increasing nonnegative measurable functions pass through an integral by monotone convergence. Monotone convergence for the integral.
The nonnegative integral is additive on finite sums. Additivity of the nonnegative Lebesgue integral.
Proof
Given: The density model and the supplied filler probability measure in the Statement.
Apply [F1] with the block coordinate as target and the retained coordinates as conditioning variable. Its formula gives probability sections on by normalization and uses on every exceptional fibre; the supplier proves measurability of evaluations and that the exceptional set has zero marginal mass. Thus is a probability measure for every , not only almost every .
Fix any measurable . Under the coordinate grouping , the inverse image under of a measurable rectangle is . Since such rectangles generate the finite-product sigma-algebra (The product sigma-algebra and its finite iterates), the function is product-measurable for every product-measurable . The kernel integration theorem [F4] therefore makes measurable. Define ; this integral is defined for every such .
The set function is a finite measure by restriction of . The set function is also a finite measure: it vanishes at , and . If are pairwise disjoint product-measurable sets, their sections are pairwise disjoint, so . The partial sums are measurable by step 1.2 and increase; applying [F5] to and [F6] to each finite sum gives .
For a coordinate rectangle , the density event identity [F1] gives . The coordinate rectangles form a generating pi-system and include the whole space. The two finite measures agree on that system and have the common finite total mass , so the constant sequence consisting of the whole space is a finite-measure exhaustion in [F3]. Measure uniqueness yields for every product-measurable . Since was arbitrary, [F2] holds for the displayed kernel. The kernel/event construction itself uses no AC; the optional conditional-expectation-class convention is not invoked.
Remarks
The sets where or are not normalized by a quotient. The supplied filler handles them pointwise, and the formula asserts no density-based conditional value on those marginal-null fibres.
Depends on
- Proper full conditional kernel
- Conditional density formula
- Regular conditional distribution
- Measures agreeing on a generating pi-system are equal under an increasing finite-measure exhaustion from that pi-system
- The product sigma-algebra and its finite iterates
- Measurability of integration against a kernel
- Monotone convergence for the integral
- Additivity of the nonnegative Lebesgue integral
Used by
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Sources
- Art B. Owen, Monte Carlo Theory, Methods and Examples, Chapter 12 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Gareth O. Roberts and Jeffrey S. Rosenthal, General State Space Markov Chains and MCMC Algorithms (standard reference, not scraped)