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A joint density supplies a proper full conditional kernel

Statement

Let (SB,SB,μ) and (S−B,S−B,ν) be sigma-finite measure spaces. Suppose a probability law π on their product has a nonnegative product-measurable density p(u,z) with respect to μ×ν. Fix a supplied probability measure ρ on SB and put m(z)=∫SBp(u,z) μ(du),D={z:0<m(z)<∞}. Then KB(z,A)={∫Ap(u,z) μ(du)m(z),z∈D,ρ(A),z∉D, is a proper full conditional kernel for π.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The density model and the supplied filler probability measure in the Statement.

[F1]

The density construction gives an everywhere probability kernel; the second marginal gives full mass to D; and the rectangle event identity is the defining regular conditional distribution identity. Conditional density formula.

[F2]

A proper full conditional kernel is an everywhere probability kernel satisfying the block event identities against the retained-coordinate marginal. Proper full conditional kernel.

[F3]

Finite measures agreeing on generating rectangles agree on the product sigma-algebra. Measures agreeing on a generating pi-system are equal under an increasing finite-measure exhaustion from that pi-system.

[F4]

Integrating a nonnegative product-measurable function against a probability kernel gives a measurable function of the source point. Measurability of integration against a kernel.

[F5]

Increasing nonnegative measurable functions pass through an integral by monotone convergence. Monotone convergence for the integral.

[F6]

The nonnegative integral is additive on finite sums. Additivity of the nonnegative Lebesgue integral.

Proof

Given: The density model and the supplied filler probability measure in the Statement.

1.1F1

Apply [F1] with the block coordinate as target and the retained coordinates as conditioning variable. Its formula gives probability sections on D by normalization and uses ρ on every exceptional fibre; the supplier proves measurability of evaluations and that the exceptional set has zero marginal mass. Thus KB(z,⋅) is a probability measure for every z, not only almost every z.

1.2F1F4

Fix any measurable F⊆S−B. Under the coordinate grouping S≅SB×S−B, the inverse image under splice⁡B of a measurable rectangle A×C is C×A. Since such rectangles generate the finite-product sigma-algebra (The product sigma-algebra and its finite iterates), the function (z,u)↦1E(splice⁡B(z,u)) is product-measurable for every product-measurable E⊆S. The kernel integration theorem [F4] therefore makes z↦KB(z,Ez) measurable. Define νF(E)=∫FKB(z,Ez) π−B(dz); this integral is defined for every such E.

2.1F1F5F6step 1.2

The set function E↦π(E∩p−B−1(F)) is a finite measure by restriction of π. The set function νF is also a finite measure: it vanishes at ∅, and νF(S)=∫F1 dπ−B=π−B(F)≤1. If (En) are pairwise disjoint product-measurable sets, their sections (En)z are pairwise disjoint, so KB(z,(⋃nEn)z)=∑nKB(z,(En)z). The partial sums are measurable by step 1.2 and increase; applying [F5] to 1F(z)∑n=1NKB(z,(En)z) and [F6] to each finite sum gives νF(⋃nEn)=lim⁡N∑n=1NνF(En)=∑nνF(En).

3.1F1F2F3step 1.2step 2.1∎

For a coordinate rectangle E=A×C, the density event identity [F1] gives π(E∩p−B−1(F))=π(A×(C∩F))=∫C∩FKB(z,A) π−B(dz)=νF(E). The coordinate rectangles form a generating pi-system and include the whole space. The two finite measures agree on that system and have the common finite total mass π−B(F), so the constant sequence consisting of the whole space is a finite-measure exhaustion in [F3]. Measure uniqueness yields π(E∩p−B−1(F))=νF(E) for every product-measurable E. Since F was arbitrary, [F2] holds for the displayed kernel. The kernel/event construction itself uses no AC; the optional conditional-expectation-class convention is not invoked.

Remarks

The sets where m=0 or m=∞ are not normalized by a quotient. The supplied filler handles them pointwise, and the formula asserts no density-based conditional value on those marginal-null fibres.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources