Alphabeta Math
CorollaryStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-10
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Iid finite variance strong law

Statement

IID square-integrable real variables satisfy Sn/nEX1 almost surely.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Identical distribution and IID families: Let (Xi)iI be random elements with the same measurable target (E,E). They are identically distributed if P(XiB)=P(XjB) for all i,jI and BE, that is, their laws in def-law-or-distribution-of-a-random-element agree. They are independent and identically distributed (IID) if, in addition, the whole family is independent in def-independent-random-elements. Independence means mutual independence, not merely pairwise independence. No moment assumption is part of either definition. The empty family satisfies these universal conditions vacuously.

[F2]

Kolmogorov strong law for independent uniformly bounded variances: Independent square-integrable real (Xn)n1 with C=supnVar(Xn)< satisfy (SnESn)/n0 almost surely.

Proof

Given: The objects, hypotheses and definitions in the statement. Its conclusions are to be established below.

1.1

By F1, every coordinate has the same law and the whole family is independent. Integrating x and x2 against that common law gives common finite mean μ and common variance v. In particular supnVar(Xn)=v<.

F1
2.1

Apply F2 using step 1.1. Its centered sum is Snnμ, so adding μ gives the claimed limit.

F2step 1.1

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

7 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources