How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The geometric intersection pairing on a closed oriented manifold
Definition
Let be a closed oriented smooth -manifold and let be closed oriented embedded submanifolds with . Using the oriented intersection number of The oriented intersection number (whose source is the compact submanifold and whose target is the closed submanifold, first factor first), set where is the inclusion and is evaluated on any smooth map homotopic to and transverse to ; when and are transverse this is the finite signed count of the local signs of The local oriented intersection sign. For non-transverse the value is the common value on all such transverse representatives, by The oriented intersection number is homotopy invariant. With coefficients the same construction with the mod 2 intersection number The mod 2 intersection number defines without orientability of or ; there The mod 2 intersection number is homotopy invariant supplies the same independence. The number depends only on the homotopy classes of the two inclusions, so replacing a factor by a homotopic submanifold, or by a homotopic embedding of the same manifold, leaves it unchanged. The factor order is part of the definition: Intersection number under factor interchange gives and . No claim is made yet that the number depends only on the homology classes of and (homology invariance is proved in The geometric intersection number is the Poincare-dual cup pairing; Bordant cycles have equal intersection numbers separately proves bordism invariance), nor that every homology class has an embedded representative (see Not every integral homology class is represented by an embedded submanifold). Countable Choice is inherited from the transverse-representative selection in The Axiom of Countable Choice (); the finite signed counts themselves are choice-free.
Depends on
- The oriented intersection number
- The local oriented intersection sign
- Transverse complementary-dimensional intersection sets
- Transverse embedded submanifolds
- Compact transverse complementary intersections are finite
- The oriented intersection number is homotopy invariant
- Intersection number under factor interchange
- The mod 2 intersection number
- The mod 2 intersection number is homotopy invariant
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
- Middle-dimensional surgery can change an intersection form Counterexample
- Coordinate circles give the alternating intersection matrix of a torus Example
- Bordant cycles have equal intersection numbers Lemma
- The diagonal and graph classes contract to the alternating trace Lemma
- Middle-dimensional surgery has an intersection-form obstruction Remark
- Not every integral homology class is represented by an embedded submanifold Remark
- The geometric intersection number is the Poincare-dual cup pairing Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
45 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Victor Guillemin and Alan Pollack, Differential Topology (Prentice-Hall, 1974; complete 236-page PDF) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Ralph L. Cohen, Bundles, Manifolds, and Homotopy (author draft bookR4) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Eleny-Nicoleta Ionel (notes by Andrew Lin), Stanford Math 215B Differential Topology, Winter 2023 (complete 63-page lecture notes) (standard reference, not scraped)