Alphabeta Math
DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: Not applicablePipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-22
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Real form of a complex Lie algebra

Definition

Let g be a finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra. A real form of g is a real Lie subalgebra g0g such that the complex-linear extension

g0RCg,XzzX,

of the inclusion g0g (Complexification of a real Lie algebra) is an isomorphism of complex Lie algebras. Equivalently, g0 is a real subspace of g with g0ig0=0 and g=g0ig0 (a real direct sum), and g0 is closed under the bracket. A conjugate-linear involution of g is a conjugate-linear map σ ⁣:gg with σσ=idg and σ[Z,W]=[σZ,σW] for all Z,Wg. Two real forms g0,g0 are conjugate if g0=u(g0) for a complex Lie-algebra automorphism u of g, and two conjugate-linear involutions σ,σ are conjugate if σ=uσu1 for such a u. The correspondence between real forms and conjugate-linear involutions is proved in Real forms correspond to conjugate-linear involutions.

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