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A real form is merely the same complex lie algebra with scalars forgotten
Statement
False as stated in general: a real form of a complex Lie algebra is merely the same complex Lie algebra with the scalars forgotten.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The complex Lie algebra of traceless complex matrices, its realification , and the unitary algebra .
A real form of a complex Lie algebra is a real Lie subalgebra with as a real direct sum; equivalently, by the correspondence between real forms and conjugate-linear involutions, the fixed locus of a conjugate-linear involutive automorphism of (Real form of a complex Lie algebra, Real forms correspond to conjugate-linear involutions).
For a real Lie algebra with complexification the map is a conjugate-linear involutive automorphism with fixed locus , and the canonical embedding is injective (Complexification has a canonical conjugation with fixed algebra g zero, Complexification of a real Lie algebra).
Refutation
The realification of a complex Lie algebra is the same set with the scalar multiplication restricted to ; it has real dimension , and it is closed under multiplication by , that is .
The unitary algebra has real dimension , and it is a real form of : the map is conjugate-linear with , it preserves brackets because the conjugate transpose is an anti-automorphism with , and its fixed locus is exactly , so by [L1] the unitary algebra is a real form.
The two real Lie algebras and have different dimensions, and , by steps 1.1 and 1.2, so they are not equal and not even isomorphic as real Lie algebras; and the structural difference is exactly the scalar action, since while .
The real form of is therefore not the underlying real Lie algebra of , and in general a real form of a positive-dimensional complex Lie algebra has and , while the scalar-forgetful realification has twice that real dimension and is closed under multiplication by ; the only case in which the two can be identified is the zero algebra. What is true is the converse direction: the complexification of the real form recovers the complex algebra, , so a real form is a fixed real Lie algebra below and not with its scalars forgotten.
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Sources
- Anthony W. Knapp, Lie Groups Beyond an Introduction, 2nd ed., Chapter VI (standard reference, not scraped)