Alphabeta Math
DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: Not applicablePipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-14
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Square-integrable martingale-difference array and variance clock

Definition

Assume AC on a fixed probability space (Ω,F,P). A rowwise square-integrable martingale-difference array consists of families (Fn,k)n1,k0 and (Zn,k)n,k1 such that for each n the Fn,k form an increasing filtration of sub-σ-algebras of F, Zn,kL2 is Fn,k-measurable, and E[Zn,kFn,k1]=0a.s. Define Mn,m=k=1mZn,k,vn,k=E[Zn,k2Fn,k1],Γn,m=k=1mvn,k. Each vn,k is nonnegative, integrable, and Fn,k1-measurable; hence Γn,m is an increasing predictable variance clock, while Mn,m is a rowwise L2 martingale. A finite triangular row is included by putting Zn,k=0 and holding the filtration fixed after its last column. This preserves both limiting sums. AC is used only through conditional-moment existence and countable representative selection.

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