Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

A deterministic kernel from a measurable map

Example

A measurable map g:(S,Σ)→(T,T) defines the deterministic probability kernel Kg(s,A)=1A(g(s)). For another measurable map h:T→U, composition of kernels satisfies KgKh=Kh∘g pointwise.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The hypotheses and conventions in the example.

[F1]

Kernel sections are pointwise measures and event evaluations are measurable. Measure kernel and probability kernel.

[F2]

Kernel composition is defined by integrating the second evaluation against the first. Composition of probability kernels.

[F3]

The composition candidate is a probability kernel. Kernel composition is well defined and associative.

Verification

technique · direct
1.1F1

For fixed s, A↦1A(g(s)) vanishes on the empty set and equals one on T. If Aj are disjoint, at most one contains g(s), so 1⋃jAj(g(s))=∑j1Aj(g(s)). This is countable additivity, so the section is the Dirac probability at g(s). For a measurable A, the evaluation is 1g−1(A)(s); its set g−1(A) is measurable by hypothesis. These are exactly [F1].

2.1step 1.1F2F3∎

By [F2] and [F3], for a measurable C⊆U, (KgKh)(s,C)=∫T1C(h(t))Kg(s,dt)=Kg(s,h−1(C))=1C(h(g(s))). The middle equality is the integral of an indicator of the measurable set h−1(C). The composite h after g is measurable because (h∘g)−1(C)=g−1(h−1(C)). This proves the formula at every s, with no reference to a null set. For example on real Borel spaces take g(s)=s2 and h(t)=t+1. Then the composite section is δs2+1; at s=2 its mass on (4,6) is one and on (0,4] is zero. If S is empty the assertions are vacuous; an empty T with nonempty S cannot support the assumed map g.

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

8 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources