How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
A group-ring handle matrix and its torsion class
Example
Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let , , and . The element is a unit of whose class is a nonzero element of . For this chosen presentation the based two-term complex is contractible with contraction torsion , and by the realization proposition it is the intersection matrix of a finite handle presentation of an h-cobordism over a closed oriented -manifold with fundamental group , , with presentation-indexed torsion . The example computes the class of this presentation; it makes no claim that the h-cobordism has the same class for every handle presentation.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Choice and the cyclic group , the ring , and .
For a unit the two-term complex is contractible with contraction torsion in its degree convention, so in degree one the class is (Finite based free complexes and contraction torsion).
The realization proposition produces, for every and every closed connected oriented smooth -manifold with and , an h-cobordism over with a two-index presentation in degrees whose intersection matrix is invertible with class and whose presentation-indexed torsion is (Realization of prescribed Whitehead torsion by h-cobordisms, Presentation-indexed Whitehead torsion of an h-cobordism, The based handle chain complex over the fundamental group ring).
Verification
By [F1] is a unit of and its class is nonzero in ; by [F2] the based two-term complex with one basis vector in each of degrees and is contractible with contraction , and its contraction torsion is .
Take and let a generator of multiply every coordinate by . This action is free: for implies . Each point has a small ball in disjoint from its other four translates; these balls give covering charts for , and the quotient charts have smooth transition maps given by restrictions of the linear action. Distinct finite orbits have disjoint invariant neighborhoods, so the quotient is Hausdorff; images of a countable sphere basis give a countable quotient basis. Thus is a compact connected smooth boundaryless -manifold. The sphere is simply connected by is simply connected for every . Any deck map agrees at one point with one of the five action maps, hence agrees everywhere by uniqueness on a connected cover. Therefore For a path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected base, the deck group of a universal cover is isomorphic to the fundamental group gives .
Orient by the boundary orientation induced from the standard orientation of and orient by pushing this orientation forward along the local diffeomorphism ; this is well defined because scalar multiplication by a unit complex number is complex linear and hence orientation-preserving, so the deck translations preserve the chosen orientation of . Thus is a closed connected oriented -manifold with and , and the oriented hypothesis of [F3] is met.
Apply [F3] with the matrix of size one: there is an h-cobordism of dimension and a handle presentation relative to with one -handle and one -handle whose intersection matrix is , invertible with class , and whose presentation-indexed torsion is .
The exhibited presentation therefore has -class nonzero in , while the same appears as the contraction torsion of the abstract two-term complex of step 1.1; this is the announced class computation, and it makes no claim about presentations of the same h-cobordism other than , consistent with the presentation-relative scope of the criterion.
Depends on
- Presentation-indexed Whitehead torsion of an h-cobordism
- The based handle chain complex over the fundamental group ring
- Finite based free complexes and contraction torsion
- Cellular basis ambiguities vanish in the Whitehead group
- Realization of prescribed Whitehead torsion by h-cobordisms
- K₁ of a ring and the Whitehead group of a discrete group
- The Axiom of Choice
- $S^n$ is simply connected for every $n\ge2$
- For a path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected base, the deck group of a universal cover is isomorphic to the fundamental group
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Wolfgang Lück, A Basic Introduction to Surgery Theory (ICTP lecture notes, 27 October 2004; complete author text) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Andrew Ranicki, Algebraic and Geometric Surgery (Oxford Mathematical Monographs, electronic edition) (standard reference, not scraped)