Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: Literature-sourcedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-6.1-sol)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

A group-ring handle matrix and its torsion class

Example

Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let π=C5=⟨t∣t5=1⟩, R=Z[π], and u=1−t2−t3∈R. The element u is a unit of R whose class [u] is a nonzero element of Wh⁡(C5). For this chosen presentation the based two-term complex 0→R→uR→0 is contractible with contraction torsion ±[u]≠0, and by the realization proposition it is the intersection matrix of a finite handle presentation H of an h-cobordism over a closed oriented n-manifold with fundamental group C5, n≥5, with presentation-indexed torsion τH=±[u]≠0. The example computes the class of this presentation; it makes no claim that the h-cobordism has the same class for every handle presentation.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Choice and the cyclic group π=C5, the ring R=Z[π], and u=1−t2−t3∈R.

[F2]

For a unit u the two-term complex 0→R→uR→0 is contractible with contraction torsion (−1)q+1[u] in its degree convention, so in degree one the class is [u] (Finite based free complexes and contraction torsion).

[F3]

The realization proposition produces, for every u∈Wh⁡(π) and every closed connected oriented smooth n-manifold M with n≥5 and π1(M)=π, an h-cobordism over M with a two-index presentation in degrees 2,3 whose intersection matrix A is invertible with class u and whose presentation-indexed torsion is (−1)2[A]=[A] (Realization of prescribed Whitehead torsion by h-cobordisms, Presentation-indexed Whitehead torsion of an h-cobordism, The based handle chain complex over the fundamental group ring).

Verification

1.1F1F2given

By [F1] u=1−t2−t3 is a unit of R=Z[C5] and its class [u] is nonzero in Wh⁡(C5); by [F2] the based two-term complex 0→R→uR→0 with one basis vector in each of degrees 1 and 0 is contractible with contraction s0=u−1, and its contraction torsion is (−1)1+1[u]=[u]≠0.

1.2givenconstruct

Take S5⊂C3 and let a generator of C5 multiply every coordinate by ζ=e2πi/5. This action is free: ζkz=z for z≠0 implies ζk=1. Each point has a small ball in S5 disjoint from its other four translates; these balls give covering charts for S5→M=S5/C5, and the quotient charts have smooth transition maps given by restrictions of the linear action. Distinct finite orbits have disjoint invariant neighborhoods, so the quotient is Hausdorff; images of a countable sphere basis give a countable quotient basis. Thus M is a compact connected smooth boundaryless 5-manifold. The sphere is simply connected by Sn is simply connected for every n≥2. Any deck map agrees at one point with one of the five action maps, hence agrees everywhere by uniqueness on a connected cover. Therefore For a path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected base, the deck group of a universal cover is isomorphic to the fundamental group gives π1(M)=C5.

2.1F1F3step 1.2

Orient S5 by the boundary orientation induced from the standard orientation of C3 and orient M by pushing this orientation forward along the local diffeomorphism S5→M; this is well defined because scalar multiplication by a unit complex number is complex linear and hence orientation-preserving, so the deck translations preserve the chosen orientation of S5. Thus M is a closed connected oriented n-manifold with n=5 and π1(M)=C5, and the oriented hypothesis of [F3] is met.

3.1F2F3step 1.1step 1.2step 2.1

Apply [F3] with the matrix A=(u) of size one: there is an h-cobordism (W;M,M′) of dimension n+1≥6 and a handle presentation H relative to M with one 2-handle and one 3-handle whose intersection matrix is A=(u), invertible with class [A]=[u], and whose presentation-indexed torsion is τH(W,M)=(−1)2[u]=[u]≠0.

4.1F3step 3.1∎

The exhibited presentation therefore has τH=u-class nonzero in Wh⁡(C5), while the same u appears as the contraction torsion of the abstract two-term complex of step 1.1; this is the announced class computation, and it makes no claim about presentations of the same h-cobordism other than H, consistent with the presentation-relative scope of the criterion.

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

60 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources