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The annihilator of the trivial sl(2)-module
Example
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let with standard basis and Casimir element , so that . The annihilator of the trivial module is the augmentation ideal , the two-sided ideal generated by ; it is a primitive ideal whose central character is the one with , and is a maximal ideal of . The central ideal is strictly smaller than the annihilator: the highest vector of the simple Verma module is an eigenvector of with eigenvalue , so but . Thus at the trivial central character the annihilator of the trivial module is not generated by the Casimir relation.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Choice, with basis , the trivial module , and the ideal of operators acting by on .
The trivial module is the unital module on which act by ; the corresponding algebra homomorphism is the augmentation with , so its kernel is the two-sided ideal generated by : after killing , every nonempty tensor word is zero and the quotient is spanned by ; makes the remaining scalar quotient exactly (The annihilator of a module over an enveloping algebra, The special linear Lie algebra sl_2).
Under AC the center is , so and ; the trivial module is simple and nonzero, so its annihilator is primitive and the center acts on it through the central character with , the Casimir eigenvalue of the trivial module (The central reduction of U(sl2) is simple away from the finite-dimensional central characters, The center of the enveloping algebra is polynomial on rank-many generators, The Axiom of Choice, Primitive ideals of an enveloping algebra, A primitive ideal determines a central character, Central character of a Lie algebra module, The quadratic Casimir eigenvalue on a highest-weight module is ).
is a simple Verma module by the Verma irreducibility criterion, since ; its highest vector satisfies , and its central character is , which equals because the normalized Casimir acts on both by , by the eigenvalue formula and (Verma modules, The Verma irreducibility criterion from Shapovalov determinants, Highest-weight vectors and cyclic highest-weight modules, The central reduction of U(sl2) is simple away from the finite-dimensional central characters).
Verification
By [F1], ; this is a proper two-sided ideal, and since is simple and nonzero it is primitive by [F2].
The trivial module has Casimir eigenvalue , so its central character is with ; by [F2], , which contains and is a maximal ideal of . The two-sided ideal generated by is , contained in the annihilator by [F2].
By [F3], , so [F4] applied to gives . The highest vector satisfies , so and hence .
On the other hand acts on the trivial module by , so by [F1]. Thus : the central ideal does not exhaust the annihilator.
Depends on
- The annihilator of a module over an enveloping algebra
- Primitive ideals of an enveloping algebra
- The Verma annihilator contains the central-character ideal
- A primitive ideal determines a central character
- Central character of a Lie algebra module
- The special linear Lie algebra sl_2
- Verma modules
- The quadratic Casimir eigenvalue on a highest-weight module is $(\lambda,\lambda+2\rho)$
- The Verma irreducibility criterion from Shapovalov determinants
- Highest-weight vectors and cyclic highest-weight modules
- The Axiom of Choice
- The center of the enveloping algebra is polynomial on rank-many generators
- The central reduction of U(sl2) is simple away from the finite-dimensional central characters
Used by
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Sources
- P. Etingof, Representations of Lie Groups (18.757, MIT OCW 2023 full notes) (standard reference, not scraped)
- R. E. Block, The irreducible representations of the Lie algebra sl(2) and of the Weyl algebra, Adv. Math. 39 (1981) 69-110 (standard reference, not scraped)