Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: AI-generatedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-06 rests on unproved material (inherited)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Rests on 3 statements not proved in this library, by way of the results it cites. This item cites no such statement directly; it depends on results that do. The unproved premises it inherits are Cohen's first model: an infinite Dedekind-finite set of reals, Sierpiński 1947: the generalised continuum hypothesis implies the Axiom of Choice and The continuum hypothesis and its generalisation are independent of ZFC. Each is recorded with a citation to the literature and is not established here, because the track that would prove it has not yet been developed in this library. Everything else in this proof is proved here.

Baer sum of two extensions of cyclic groups

Example

The Baer sum of two copies of the nonsplit extension e:0Z/2a2aZ/4xxmod2Z/20 is split. Thus [e]+[e]=0 among extension classes of Z/2 by Z/2.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The two copies of e displayed above. All groups and maps in the calculation are abelian.

[F1]

Baer sum is diagonal pullback followed by codiagonal pushout: The Baer sum of extension classes.

[F2]

The split class The split extension class is the additive zero whenever extension classes form a set, by Baer sum makes extension classes an abelian group.

Verification

technique · direct
1.1

Any middle group in an extension of Z/2 by Z/2 has four elements. Transporting its law and endpoint maps to a fixed four-element set shows that the classes have a finite set realization. The extension e is nonsplit because every element of Z/4 above 1Z/2 has order four.

givenalgebra
1.2

The diagonal pullback has middle group D={(x,y)(Z/4)2:xy(mod2)} and kernel map (a,b)(2a,2b). Its codiagonal pushout is E=(DZ/2)/L, where L={((2a,2b),(a+b)):a,bZ/2}. The endpoint maps are j(c)=[((0,0),c)] and q([((x,y),c)])=xmod2.

F1givenconstruct
2.1

The map j is injective since a relation with first component (0,0) has a=b=0. If q([((x,y),c)])=0, write x=2a,y=2b; its class equals j(c+a+b). Thus kerq=imj, and q is surjective. The class t=[((1,1),0)] has q(t)=1 and 2t=[((2,2),0)]=0, the relation for a=b=1.

step 1.2algebra
3.1

Therefore s(1)=t defines a homomorphic section of q. The map (c,b)j(c)+s(b) is an endpoint-preserving isomorphism (Z/2)2E: surjectivity and injectivity follow from the kernel description and qs=1. Hence the Baer sum is split and equals the zero class.

F2step 1.1step 2.1algebra

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

9 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources