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A contractible two-term bimodule complex induces the zero tensor functor

Statement

Let A be a graded algebra. Define the bounded complex of graded A-bimodules F by

F−1=A,F0=A,dF−1=id⁡A,

with Fp=0 in every other degree. Then F is contractible as a complex of A-bimodules, and F⊗A− is naturally isomorphic to the zero functor on Kb(proj⁡grA) and on Db(A-Mod), including the corresponding bounded derived category of graded modules.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The regular graded A-bimodule and its identity map. The categories and derived functors use the standing conventions of Bounded graded bimodule complexes and signed tensor totalization and A bounded two-sided projective bimodule complex defines exact derived tensor functors.

[L1]

For f∈Fp and x∈Xq, the total differential is D(f⊗x)=dF(f)⊗x+(−1)pf⊗dX(x) (Bounded graded bimodule complexes and signed tensor totalization).

[L2]

A first-variable bimodule homotopy k transfers to K(f⊗x)=k(f)⊗x, with no second-variable sign (Bimodule tensor totalization respects differentials and homotopies).

[L3]

A graded module is finite graded projective if and only if it is a degree-zero direct summand of a finite direct sum of shifts of the regular graded module (Finite graded projectives are finite shifted-free summands).

[L4]

Projective modules have the lifting property against surjections (Projective modules and the lifting property).

[L5]

If each term of a bounded bimodule complex is finite graded projective on the left and projective as an underlying right module, signed tensoring gives a functor on the bounded projective homotopy category (A bounded two-sided projective bimodule complex defines exact derived tensor functors).

[L6]

Under those projectivity hypotheses, tensoring preserves quasi-isomorphisms of bounded ordinary and graded inputs and descends to the corresponding bounded derived categories (A bounded two-sided projective bimodule complex defines exact derived tensor functors).

[L7]

The descended functors are the derived tensor functors computed by the ordinary signed totalization (A bounded two-sided projective bimodule complex defines exact derived tensor functors).

[L8]

The homotopy-equivalence proposition requires each term of both complexes to be finite graded projective on the left and projective as an underlying right module (Bimodule homotopy equivalences induce natural tensor-functor isomorphisms).

[L9]

A supplied bimodule homotopy equivalence between complexes satisfying those conditions induces mutually inverse natural isomorphisms of their tensor functors on the bounded projective homotopy category and on ordinary and graded bounded derived categories (Bimodule homotopy equivalences induce natural tensor-functor isomorphisms).

Proof

Proof technique: give the bimodule contraction, calculate the lifted contraction on each total degree, and apply the homotopy-invariance result to the zero bimodule complex.

1.1givenalgebra

The only nonzero differential of F is the degree-zero bimodule map dF−1=id⁡A; every composite of two consecutive differentials is zero because the next differential is zero, so F is a bounded complex supported at the endpoints −1 and 0.

1.2givenalgebra

Define k0:F0→F−1 to be id⁡A and all other components to be zero; then k0dF−1=id⁡ in degree −1 and dF−1k0=id⁡ in degree 0, hence dFk+kdF=id⁡F, with every component internal-degree preserving and bimodule-linear.

1.3L1algebra

For any bounded graded left A-complex X, the signed totalization has Tn=(A⊗AXn+1)⊕(A⊗AXn); on elementary tensors (a⊗x,b⊗y), with x∈Xn+1 and y∈Xn, its differential is Dn(a⊗x,b⊗y)=(−a⊗dXx, a⊗x+b⊗dXy), where the first sign is (−1)−1 and the second-factor signs are (−1)−1 and (−1)0 on the two rows, and the formula extends additively to each balanced total term.

1.4L3L4L5L8algebra

Each nonzero term A=A{0} is a degree-zero direct summand of itself and hence finite graded projective on the left by [L3]; as a right module it is projective because, viewed as a left Aop-module, any fixed surjection q:E↠M and right-linear f:A→M admit e with q(e)=f(1), and f~(a)=ea is a right-linear lift by [L4], while zero terms are projective on both sides. Thus F and the zero complex satisfy [L5] and [L8].

2.1L1L2step 1.3algebra

By [L2], Hn(a⊗x,b⊗y)=(b⊗y,0); then Dn−1Hn(a⊗x,b⊗y)=(−b⊗dXy,b⊗y) and Hn+1Dn(a⊗x,b⊗y)=(a⊗x+b⊗dXy,0), whose sum is (a⊗x,b⊗y) because the mixed terms cancel, also in characteristic two. Thus dH+Hd=id⁡T.

2.2L6L7L9step 1.2step 1.4

Let 0 be the zero bimodule complex and take the zero maps u:F→0, v:0→F, the homotopy −k for vu−id⁡F=−id⁡F, and the zero homotopy for uv−id⁡0=0; [L9] gives natural isomorphisms of their tensor functors on the bounded projective homotopy category and on ordinary and graded bounded derived categories, while [L6] and [L7] identify the latter with derived tensor and 0⊗A− is zero.

3.1step 2.1algebra

For every chain map g:X→Y, both composites in the naturality square for H send (a⊗x,b⊗y) to (b⊗g(y),0), so the contraction is natural on bounded complexes.

4.1

If X is zero or has empty support, all terms and homotopy maps are zero; if X is concentrated in one degree the same formula applies with missing rows zero; if dX=0 the differential terms vanish but step 2.1 still gives dH+Hd=id⁡. If X is supported in [c,d], step 1.3 gives T support [c−1,d], and all terms and maps outside those bounded endpoints are zero. The contraction is explicit, and the projectivity argument in step 1.4 uses only one preimage for one fixed lifting square, so no Axiom of Choice is used; the example states no iff claim. [step 1.3, step 2.1, step 1.4, algebra] □

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