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Morera proves holomorphy of z↦∫01tz dt on Re⁡z>1

Example

Let Ω={z∈C:Re⁡z>1}. For t>0, use the principal power tz=exp⁡(zlog⁡t), and set 0z:=0 for z∈Ω. Then

F(z):=∫01tz dt

is holomorphic on Ω.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The half-plane Ω={z:Re⁡z>1} and the endpoint convention in the example.

[L1]

For a nonzero complex base t and exponent z, the principal power is tz=exp⁡(zLog⁡t); for positive real t, Log⁡t=log⁡t (Complex logarithms, the principal logarithm, and principal and multivalued complex powers, The natural logarithm as the inverse of the exponential function).

[L2]

The complex exponential is entire and has derivative equal to itself (The complex exponential is entire and its complex derivative is itself).

[L4]

The complex exponential agrees with the real exponential on the real axis (exp⁡(z+w)=exp⁡z exp⁡w, and the complex exponential extends the real exponential).

[L5]

The real exponential is strictly increasing (The exponential function is strictly increasing).

[L6]

The natural logarithm is continuous and strictly increasing on the positive reals, with log⁡1=0 (Order, continuity, range, and the product, quotient, and reciprocal laws for the natural logarithm).

[L7]

A complex differentiable function is continuous (Complex differentiability at a point implies continuity there).

[L8]

The composite of complex differentiable functions is complex differentiable (The chain rule for complex derivatives).

[L10]

A jointly continuous finite-interval integral of holomorphic parameter slices is holomorphic (A jointly continuous finite-interval parameter integral of holomorphic functions is holomorphic).

Verification

technique · direct
1.1givenL1

For t>0 define φ(t,z)=exp⁡(zlog⁡t) by [L1], and define φ(0,z)=0 as stated in the example.

2.1step 1.1L2L8

For fixed t>0, the map z↦zlog⁡t is complex linear and [L2] with [L8] makes φ(t,⋅) entire; for t=0 the slice is the constant zero function and is entire.

2.2step 1.1L3L4L5L6L7L9algebra

On (0,1]×Ω, [L3] and [L4] give ∣φ(t,z)∣=exp⁡((Re⁡z)log⁡t); [L6] gives log⁡t≤0, so Re⁡z>1 and [L5] yield ∣φ(t,z)∣≤exp⁡(log⁡t)=t. Thus φ(t,z)→0 uniformly for z near any fixed point of Ω as t→0+; away from t=0, continuity follows from [L6], [L7], and the multiplication estimate from [L9], so φ is jointly continuous on [0,1]×Ω.

3.1step 2.1step 2.2L10∎

Steps 2.1 and 2.2 satisfy [L10] on the finite interval [0,1], so F(z)=∫01φ(t,z) dt is holomorphic on Ω.

Depends on

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Sources