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Morera proves holomorphy of z01tzdt on Rez>1

Example

Let Ω={zC:Rez>1}. For t>0, use the principal power tz=exp(zlogt), and set 0z:=0 for zΩ. Then

F(z):=01tzdt

is holomorphic on Ω.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The half-plane Ω={z:Rez>1} and the endpoint convention in the example.

[L1]

For a nonzero complex base t and exponent z, the principal power is tz=exp(zLogt); for positive real t, Logt=logt (Complex logarithms, the principal logarithm, and principal and multivalued complex powers, The natural logarithm as the inverse of the exponential function).

[L2]

The complex exponential is entire and has derivative equal to itself (The complex exponential is entire and its complex derivative is itself).

[L4]

The complex exponential agrees with the real exponential on the real axis (exp(z+w)=expzexpw, and the complex exponential extends the real exponential).

[L5]

The real exponential is strictly increasing (The exponential function is strictly increasing).

[L6]

The natural logarithm is continuous and strictly increasing on the positive reals, with log1=0 (Order, continuity, range, and the product, quotient, and reciprocal laws for the natural logarithm).

[L7]

A complex differentiable function is continuous (Complex differentiability at a point implies continuity there).

[L8]

The composite of complex differentiable functions is complex differentiable (The chain rule for complex derivatives).

[L10]

A jointly continuous finite-interval integral of holomorphic parameter slices is holomorphic (A jointly continuous finite-interval parameter integral of holomorphic functions is holomorphic).

Verification

technique · direct
1.1

For t>0 define φ(t,z)=exp(zlogt) by [L1], and define φ(0,z)=0 as stated in the example.

givenL1
2.1

For fixed t>0, the map zzlogt is complex linear and [L2] with [L8] makes φ(t,) entire; for t=0 the slice is the constant zero function and is entire.

step 1.1L2L8
2.2

On (0,1]×Ω, [L3] and [L4] give φ(t,z)=exp((Rez)logt); [L6] gives logt0, so Rez>1 and [L5] yield φ(t,z)exp(logt)=t. Thus φ(t,z)0 uniformly for z near any fixed point of Ω as t0+; away from t=0, continuity follows from [L6], [L7], and the multiplication estimate from [L9], so φ is jointly continuous on [0,1]×Ω.

step 1.1L3L4L5L6L7L9algebra
3.1

Steps 2.1 and 2.2 satisfy [L10] on the finite interval [0,1], so F(z)=01φ(t,z)dt is holomorphic on Ω.

step 2.1step 2.2L10

Depends on

Used by

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