Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedverified 2026-09-26 (gpt-6-sol)
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A density integral on the Mobius band

Example

Assume countable choice ACω. On the compact Möbius band B=(R×[−1,1])/⟨T⟩,T(s,t)=(s+1,−t), the density ∣ds dt∣ descends to a smooth positive density δ, and ∫Bδ=2.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Orientation-free density integration and its properties: Compactly supported smooth density integration is independent of charts and partition, linear, local, nonnegative on nonnegative densities and strictly positive for a nonzero nonnegative density. It is invariant under every diffeomorphism, without choosing an orientation. The finite-parametrization formula holds under the hypotheses of prop-integration-of-top-forms-by-finite-parametrizations, with orientation preservation omitted and absolute Jacobians used.

[A1]

Countable choice is The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω) and is assumed to apply [F1].

[F2]

Pullback of densities by local diffeomorphisms: For a local diffeomorphism F:Mn→Nn, pullback of smooth densities is smooth and in coordinates satisfies F∗(f∣dy∣)=(f∘F)∣det⁡DF∣ ∣dx∣. It is real-linear, obeys F∗(aδ)=(a∘F)F∗δ for smooth functions a on N, and (F∘G)∗=G∗F∗ for composable local diffeomorphisms.

Verification

Given: Countable choice and the objects and hypotheses in the statement above.

1.1construct

The quotient map is open because the inverse image of an image-open set is the union of its translates. A rectangle with s-width less than one is disjoint from all its nontrivial translates, so maps homeomorphically onto its image; at t=1 or t=-1 use a half-rectangle. For two inequivalent points only finitely many translates of a bounded neighborhood of one can approach a bounded neighborhood of the other; shrink to separate these finitely many translates. Their saturated neighborhoods are disjoint, proving Hausdorffness. Images of rational rectangles form a countable base. The transition maps are restrictions of Tk, hence smooth, so these charts define a smooth manifold with boundary. It is compact as the image of [0,1]×[−1,1].

2.1F2step 1.1

The seam transition has determinant −1, with absolute value one, so the local densities glue and are positive. Equivalently T∗∣ds dt∣=∣ds dt∣ by the pullback formula; the same holds for all integer powers.

3.1F1step 1.1step 2.1∎

Use the single finite parametrization from D=(0,1)×(−1,1) to the quotient. It is a diffeomorphism onto the open complement of seam and boundary, extends continuously from the closed rectangle, and is smooth up to each edge in target coordinates. Its image closure is B and its pulled-back density coefficient is one. The density parametrization formula therefore gives ∫Bδ=∫01∫−111 dt ds=2. Seam and boundary are covered by that formula’s null-boundary control.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources